Chapter – 3

Public Nutrition and health

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Home Science Chapter 3 (Public Nutrition and health) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	(Public Nutrition and health)
Category	Class 12 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 3 Public Nutrition and health

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1. Name 2 types of protein – energy malnutrition.

Ans. Marasmus, Kwashiorkor

Q2. Name the policy adopted by government of India in 1993 to solve nutritional problems.

Ans. National Nutrition Policy (NNP)

Q3. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy has several adverse effects on fetus. What are they?

Ans. Iodine deficiency results in mental retardation and congenital abnormalities of the fetus.

Q4. Name 2 strategies to combat public nutrition problems.

Ans.

• Diet or food based
• Nutrient based.

Short Answer Questions (2 Mark)

Q1. India is said to face ” the double burder of malnutrition”. Why?

Ans. India is facing the double burder of malnutrition because of coexistence of both undernutrition and overnutrition.

Q2. Write four ill effects of over nutrition problem.

Ans.

• Obesity
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Financial burden

Q3. Why Vitamin A is needed?

Ans. Vitamin A is needed for

• Healthy epithelium
• Normal vision
• Growth
• Immunity

Q4. Name the institutions at tertiary level of Health care in India.

Ans.

• Medical college hospitals
• Regional hospitals
• Specialised hospitals
• All India Institutes of Medical Sciences.

Short Answer Questions (3 marks)

Q1. What the measures to reduce the poverty of rural and urban poor?

Ans.

• Employment generation schemes
• Public distribution system
• Implementing land reforms
• Improving health and family welfare
• Prevention of food adulteration.
• Involvement of media, basic nutrition and knowledge
• Monitoring of nutrition programmes
• Improvement of status of women
• Education and literacy and community participation.

Q2. Write three benefits and three approaches of Diet or food based strategies.

Ans.

Benefits

• They are cost effective.
• They do not carry risk of overdose or toxicity.
• They can be adapted to different cultural and dietary traditions.

Approaches

• Dietary diversification and modification.
• Horticulture interventions eg. home gardening.

Q3. Name various Nutrient Deficiency control programmes.

Ans.

• National Prophylaxis programme for prevention of blindness due to Vitamin A deficiency.
• National Anemia Control Programme.
• National Iodine Deficiency disorder control programme.

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

Q1. Write Symptoms of Anemia.

Ans.

• General pallor
• Paleness of conjunctiva of eyes
• Yellowish tongue
• Paleness of nail beds
• Soft palate
• Low attention span
• Memory is affected
• Concentration is affected

Q2. Write difference between primary and secondary level of Health Care System in India

Ans.

• Primary Level- This level is the first level of contact of the individual, family or community with the health system. These services are provided through a network of primary health centres (PHCs)
• Secondary Level- This level is the second level where more complex health problems are resolved. These services are provided through district hospitals and community health centres.

Q3. List various food security programmes of India. Also write 4 other nutrition programmes operating in India.

Ans.

Food Security Programmes

• Public Distribution System
• Antodaya Anna Yojana
• Annapurna Scheme
• National Food for work programme.

Other Nutrition Programmes

• Integrated Child development Services
• Nutrient Deficiency Control Programme
• Food Supplementation programmes
• Self employment and wage employment schemes

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

Q1. Briefly describe the strategies adopted by National Nutrition Policy (NNP)

Ans. In 1993, Government of India adopted National Nutrition Policy (NNP) framed by the Department of Women and Child development. NNP advocates “comprehensive, integrated and intersectoral strategy for alleviating the multi-faceted problem of malnutrition and achieving the optimal state of health for the people. Stategies of NNP

Short term strategies

• Integrated Child development services.
• Fortification of essential foods.
• Production and popularisation of low cost nutrition food.
• Control of micronutrient deficiencies among children, pregnant women and nursing mothers by supplementing these nutrients, distributing free tablets etc.

Long term strategies

• Improving availability of food.
• Improvement in dietary patterns by ensuring availability of nutritionally rich foods.
• Poverty alleviation.

Q2. Name the areas where a community nutritionist can work.

Ans. Scope of Community nutritionist- A community nutritionist can work in the following areas –

• as part of outreach programmes undertaken by hospitals for prevention and promotion and education.
• as part of ICDS, at different levels based on qualifications and expertise
• at the government level as consultants, advisors or in policy making committees.
• In all developmental programmes of government, voluntary organisations and international organisations like UNICEF, OXFAM, DFID, FAO, WHO, USAID, GAIN, Micronutrient Initiative, IFPRI and others.
• They can be involved with organisations who undertake large scale feeding programmes for various target groups such as young children, school children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating mothers, elderly, challenged individuals.
• Nutritionists or school health counsellors in school health programmes.
• There are avenues in teaching, research, entrepreneurship, industries with agencies involved in developing communication materials and educational packages.

Q3. What are the responsive factors of poor nutrition or under nutrition?

Ans.

(i) Immediate causes at individual level –

• Inadequate faulty dietary intake
• Disease

(ii) Underlying causes at Household/Family level

• Insufficient access to food.
• Inadequate maternal and child care practices
• Poor water/sanitation and hygiene
• Inadequate health services and insufficient access to health services.
• Inadequate and/or inappropriate knowledge and discrimination against women, elderly and girl child.
• Inadequate education.

(iii) Basic Causes

• Quantity and quality of actual resources e.g human resources, financial and organisational (existence of services and the way they are operated and controlled).
• Political, cultural, religious, economic and social systems. This includes status of women, allocation of funds for programmes to solve the problems, environmental degradation and biodiversity.
• Potential resources, environment, technology and people.

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