Chapter – 3

Politics of Planned Development

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 3 (Politics of Planned Development) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Political Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	(Politics of Planned Development)
Category	Class 12 Political Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 3 Politics of Planned Development

One Marker Questions

Q1. Choose the author of the book ‘Economy of permanence’.

• C. Kumarappa
• C. Mahalanobis
• Vargis Kurian
• S. Swaminathan

Ans. a) J.C. Kumarappa

Q2. What is the full form of NITI in NITI aayog?

Ans. National institution for transforming India.

Q3. Mention main objective of plannings in India.

Ans. Economic development of the country.

Q4. Fill in the blank-

___________is the ex-officio chairman of the National Development council.

Ans. Prime-Minister

Q5. After independence India followed which of the followoing models for economic development-

• Socialist
• Capitalist
• Mixed
• Marxist

Ans. c) Mixed

Q6. Correct the following sentence-

Bombay plan was prepared in the year 1942.

Ans. Bombay Plan was prepared in the year 1944.

Q7. Write the time period of 12th five year plan in India

Ans. 2012-2017

Two Marker Questions

Q1. What was Kerala model of development?

Ans. The Kerala model of development is a combined effort and set of practices adopted by the government and the people of Kerala to achieve better productivity, low infant mortality rates, significantly lower population growth rates, increased life expectancy, better healthcare facilities. Although Kerala has a lower per capita income, still the state is compared to many developed nations and by adapting just radical improvement measures using lesser resources and lesser energy consuming methods. 

Q2. Explain any two land reforms in India.

Ans. Major land reforms are-

• The abolition of the economical system of Zamindari.
• Consolidation of land by bringing small peices of land together in the one place.

Q3. Give any two objectivie of Niti Aayog.

Ans. Two objectives of NITI aayog-

• To harmonise the internals of material security and economic policy and to prepare streategic and long term framework of policy and programme.
• To cope up with pressing challenges of development in the 21st Century.

Q4. Give any two consequence of zoning.

Ans.

• No trade of foodgrains among states.
• Security of foods in the state of Bihar.

Q5. Why were environmentalist opposing Posco plant?

Ans.

• Problems of livellhood and unemployment among people.
• Displacement of people.
• Increase in Environmental pollution.

Five Years Plan : At A Glance
Five Years Plan	Period	Objectives
First	1951-1956	Agricultural Development.
Second	1956-1961	Industrial Development.
Third	1961-1966	To be self reliance in food, Unemployment eradication.
Fourth	1969-1974	In crease in production, Economic Stability.
Fifth	1974-1979	Self-reliance and to eradicate poverty.
Sixth	1980-1985	Development of Energy resources, welfare of weaker sections.
Seventh	1985-1990	Production of food, Modernisation, Rural Development.
Eighth	1997-1997	Employment, Health, Literacy.
Ninth	1997-2002	Social and Economic Development.
Tenth	2002-2007	Social, Economic and Industrial Development.
Eleventh	2007-2012	Energy, Employment.
Twelth	2012-2017	Inclusive Development.

Four Marker Questions

Q1. How Niti Aayog is different from Yojana Aayog?

Ans.

NITI Aayog	Planning Commission
NITI Aayog has not been given the mandate or powers to impose policies on States. NITI Aayog is basically a think-tank or an advisory body.	The Planning Commission had the power to impose policies on States and for the projects approved by the Planning Commission.
The powers for the allocation of funds have not been given to the NITI Aayog. The powers are with the Finance Ministry.	The Planning Commission had the power to allocate funds to the State Governments and various Central Government Ministries for various programmes and projects at the National and State Levels.
In NITI Aayog, State Governments have to play a more proactive role.	State Governments did not have much role to play apart from taking part in the meetings. The State Government’s role was confined to the National Development Council.
Based on the requirements, there are part-time members appointed in NITI Aayog.	The Planning Commission did not have any provisions for the appointment of part-time members.
The Governing Council of NITI Aayog has Lieutenant Governors of Union Territories and State Chief Ministers.	The National Development Council had Lieutenant Governors and State Chief Ministers. Planning Commission had to report to the National Development Commission
The CEO of NITI Aayog is appointed by the Prime Minister. Secretaries are known as CEO.	Planning Commission secretaries were appointed through the usual process.
The number of full-time members in NITI Aayog could be lesser than the numbers that the Planning Commission had.	The last Planning Commission had eight full-time members.
Under the NITI Aayog organisation structure, new posts were created – CEO, Vice-Chairperson. CEO has the rank of a Secretary. Four Cabinet members would serve as ex-officio members. NITI Aayog has two-part time members and five full-time members.	The Planning Commission’s organisational structure consisted of full-time members, a member secretary and a Deputy Chairperson.
In NITI Aayog, the final policy would bear fruit after due consultations are held with State Governments in the policy formulation stage.	The Planning Commission first formulated policies, and then State Governments were consulted regarding the allocation of funds for the programmes or projects.
NITI Aayog is also an Executive Body as it is not mentioned in the Constitution of India, and it was not established by an Act of Parliament. However, if needed, it can be converted into a Statutory Body by passing a law in Parliament; an example is UIDAI.	The now-defunct Planning Commission was an Executive Body.

 

Q2. Differentiate between Leftist and Rightist.

Ans.

Left-Wing	Right-Wing
Left-wing politics is more liberal in its approach and outlook	Right-wing politics are more conservative.
Left-wing economics policies involve reducing income equality, increasing tax rates for the wealthy, and government spending on social programs and infrastructure	Its economic policies involve low taxes, less regulation on businesses by the government
Those belonging to the left-spectrum of politics believe that society will benefit from an expanded role for the government	Right-wing ideologies believe that the best outcome for society is delivered when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount with limited involvement of the government
Left-wing politics is characterized by an emphasis on equality, fraternity, progress, and reform	Right-wing politics is characterized by ideas of authority, hierarchy, tradition, and nationalism
Left-wing nationalism is based on social equality, popular sovereignty, and national-determination. It associates itself closely with national liberation movements	Right-wing nationalism is influenced by Romantic Nationalism where the state derives its legitimacy from the culture it governs, including, language, race, and custom “born” within this culture
Left-wing politics is traditionally against religious institutions and believe that state and religion must be separate from each other (Secularism)	Right-wing politics have always found supporters who believe that religion should play an expanded role in society.
Populist ideas in the left-wing do not include horizontal exclusion and will rely more on egalitarian ideals.	Populism is a recurring theme in right-wing political circles. Populism is a political approach that appeals to ordinary people who feel that their rights are ignored.
The term ‘Left-wing’ has a similar origin during the French revolution where anti-monarchy revolutionaries were seated on the left side of the hall.	The term ‘Right-wing’ has its origins during the days of the French Revolution (1789-1799) where the supporters of the Monarchy were seated on the right hall of the National Assembly

 

Q3. Why was the National Development Council established?

Ans. It was set up on 6 August 1952 to strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the Five Year Plans made by Planning Commission, to promote common economic policies in all vital spheres, and to ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country.

Q4. On what grounds mixed Economy model is criticized.?

Ans. The following are its criticism:

• The planners did not provide the private sector with enough space and the stimulus to grow.
• The systems of licenses and permits for investment created hurdles for private capital.
• The state control led to inefficiency and corruption.
• The state did not spend sufficient amount on public education and healthcare.
• The state intervention did not help the poor but created a new middle class who had no accountability.

Q5. What were the consequences of foodgrain Crisis in India.

Ans. It may compel many peasants to reduce the area under cultivation, or it could cause a further rise in food prices both from the cost side and due to the speculative activities of corporate agribusiness, coalescing with international finance.

Five Marker Question

Q1. Study the cartoon given below and answer the questions based on it.

 i) Name the speaker in the above cartoon.

Ans. Jawahar lal Nehru

ii )What do the people depict shown in the cartoon?

Ans. People were suffuring from poverty and the economic conditions of country were not favourable.

iii) Which planning is being talked about in the cartoon? What were its objectives?

Ans. Third five years plan. It objectives was to provide autonomy to agriculture and industry. Along with this focus was to develop internal and external resources for National development.

Six Marker Question

Q1. Assess the achievements of five year plans in India after independence.

Ans.

• Achievements of this plan (Harrod Domar model)
• There was good monsoon.
• Bumper food crop.
• Inflation was in control.
• Growth Rate over achieved – Target 2.1% Achieved 3.6%
• Per capita income got increased.
• IIT’s were established.
• Irrigation projects like Bhakra and Hirakud were made.

Q2. Which were the main problems of Indian Economy at the time of indepedence? Elaborate.

Ans. Mass poverty: At the time of Independence, the incidence of poverty in India was about 80% or about 250 million. Famines and hunger pushed India to take external help for its food security. Illiteracy: When India gained Independence, its population numbered about 340 million.

Q3. Justify the importance of NITI Aayog in the present scenario.

Ans. NITI Aayog is developing itself as a state-of-the-art resource centre with the necessary knowledge and skills that will enable it to act with speed, promote research and innovation, provide strategic policy vision for the government, and deal with contingent issues.

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