Chapter – 9

Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Home Science Chapter 9 (Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 9
Chapter Name	(Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly)
Category	Class 12 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 9 Management of Support Services, Institutions and Programmes for Children, Youth and Elderly

Very short answer question

Q1. State any two programs organized by the government for youth to promote national integration.

Answer: Camps, excursion programs, seminars / conferences

Q2. Name any two ‘vunerable’ groups.

Answer: Children, youth, elderly (any two)

Q3. According to the new National Youth Policy-2014, which age group has been considered as youth?

Answer- 15-29 years

Q4. Write one of the objectives of the Commonwealth Youth Programme.

Answer- Its purpose

• Involve youth in the developmental processes of their countries.
• To provide a platform for enhancing cooperation and understanding in Commonwealth countries.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. ‘What does vulnerable mean? Briefly explain.

Answer – The term vulnerable refers to those individuals/ groups in the society who are more likely to be affected by adverse conditions and/ or who may have a more damaging effect on adverse conditions. Children, youth, elderly are vulnerable groups. If a person’s needs are not met in daily life, then that person becomes vulnerable.

Q2. Seema works as a planner in an organization for the elderly. She has to meet people from different backgrounds, both inside and outside the organization, in relation to work. Explain what skills she would use and which two groups she might have to talk to.

Answer: Peoples’ skill

• Community/ Society – Any program or institution will succeed only if the society is also involved in it. To plan and manage and implement them through partnership, to promote participation in the organization by interacting with the people working in various prestigious positions of society.
• Private Sector- To talk to the private sector financial institutions, companies etc. for the help of the organization, inform them about the new plan or innovative programs.
• Government officials- various tasks such as meeting financial assistance and other legal requirements may require dialogue with government departments.
• People working in the organization- For the organization to function smoothly, there should be cordial relations between all the people (both beneficiaries and working people).

Q3. What are some concerns in terms of elderly?

Answer- Some concerns in the context of old persons

• Health is a major concern. Older persons are more susceptible to diseases due to less physiological strength and defense mechanisms. Disabilities such as vision loss and blindness due to cataract, deafness due to nerve disorder, difficulty in walking due to arthritis and a general inability to take care of themselves can occur.
• Pains of Loneliness – They suffer the pangs of loneliness as their children get married or go out of the family to earn a livelihood.
• They become financially dependent on their children, due to which they feel stressed.
• In city life, they also experience the feeling of becoming a burden on others due to small family, nuclear family, lack of time to care for the elderly, limited space to live or high cost of living.
• Sometimes concerns like privacy, long working hours of family members, independence, materialism, focus on self are also responsible for the inability to adequately care for the elderly.

Q4. Which groups of youth are considered more vulnerable?

answer –

• Rural and tribal youth.
• Youth who have left school.
• Adolescents, particularly adolescent girls.
• Youth with disabilities.
• Youth in special difficult situations such as victims of trafficking, illegal occupations, orphans, and street children.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

Q1. Why are children, youth and the elderly vulnerable?

Answer – Children, youth and elderly are vulnerable due to the following reasons:

	Children	Youth	Elderly
1.	Living in challenging situations and difficult situations.	Unable to keep pace with many biological changes occurring in the body.	Low physiological strength, mental problems.
2.	Basic requirements of food, health, care, shelter, and rearing are not met	Peer pressure, Alcoholism or drug abuse to relieve stress.	In addition to illnesses, many disabilities with aging such as- vision impairment, inability to take care of themselves.
3.	Other needs of the child such as love, nurturance and stimulation is not met in a holistic manner.	Not receiving positive support from the family/ surroundings	Pain of loneliness, separation, being ignored by children or giving less time.
4.	Due to adverse experiences of any kind, their full capabilities do not develop and leave a lasting impact on the child’s development.	Facing multiple risks related to sexual and reproductive health.	The feeling of becoming a burden on others, The stress of being financially dependent on the children.

Q2. David has come to India from New York for training at a voluntary institution. Tell him about two ongoing programmes for each of the children, Youth and Elderly.

Answer:

	Programme for Children/Children Institutions	Programme for Youth / Youth Institutions	Programme for Older Persons / Aids Institutions
1.	Integrated Child Development Services —ICDS provides health, nutrition and sanitation education for mothers, non-formal pre-school education for children between the age of three to six years, supplements for pregnant and lactating mothers, Provides food, growth monitoring, immunisation and vitamin A supplements.	National Service Scheme (NSS) School level students are to be involved in social service and national development programmes such as construction and repair of roads, plantation, sewing, weaving and vocational training	Multi-service centers which care them out of day-to-day education and entertainment Opportunities provide health care and companionship with fellow partners.
2.	S.O.S. Children’s Village — an independent nongovernmental social organisation providing family-based long-term care to orphaned or abandoned children who don’t live with their biological families. They live in a stable family environment until they become independent young adults. Programme for Children/Children Institutions	Rashtriya Seva Swayamsevak Yojana- Nehru Yuva Kendras are involved in youth national development programmes, youth leadership training programmes, vocational training, rural sports etc. Programme for Youth / Youth Institutions	Mobile Medical Care Units for elderly living in rural, remote and backward areas. Programme for Older Persons / Aids Institutions
3.	For children aged 3-18 years, who are in the periphery of the state for various reasons, three types of children’s homes are being run by the government in partnership with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). (i) Observation HomesWhere children temporarily live until their parents are traced. (ii) Special Homes where juveniles (children below the age of 18 years) who violate the law are kept under custodial care. (iii) Adolescents/ children homes where children are kept whose family is not traced, are provided education and vocational training by the Government. Programme for Children/Children Institutions	Promotion of adventure— many youth clubs and NGOs organize activities with financial assistance from the government for mountaineering, hiking, sailing, raft exhibitions, swimming and cycling, etc. which develops courage, risk-taking, collaboratively working in the team and tolerance among the youth. Programme for Youth / Youth Institutions	Assistive devices/ devices for the hearing impaired and hearing impaired for the elderly, Physiotherapy Clinic Physiotherapy Center for the elderly. Programme for Older Persons / Aids Institutions
4.	To strengthen and facilitate adoption rules, the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has been constituted on the advice of the Supreme Court to frame guidelines for adoption to protect the welfare of children and their rights.	Through training of scouts and guides, rallies, and jamborees etc. Boys and girls have integrity, foster loyalty, a sense of patriotism and character development.	Day-care center (daily care center) for patients with Alzheimer’s disease/ dementia.
5.		In a way to promote national integration, the government sends the youth living in one state to visit other regions to develop an understanding of the difficulties, social customs of various regions and people there.	The Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme is for older persons aged 60 years or above who are either destitute or belong to a family below the poverty line.

Q3. Naveen is planning to open his own private institute for children/youth/elderly people. Guide him by mentioning six important points related to it.

Answer –

• Acquiring information and developing understanding about children, youth and the elderly.
• A clear and complete concept – what its goal is and how the organization will contribute to meeting the needs of the target group.
• What will be the benefit to the targeted beneficiaries.
• Combining the service / services provided.
• Financial assistance for running the organisation.
• Recruitment of staff with various skills and knowledge to oversee various aspects of the programme
• Knowledge of activities based on organization registration formalities, recurring evaluation, and feedback.
• Programme execution skills

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

Q1. What is Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan? Explain about any two programmes under the National Service Volunteer Scheme.

Answer: The Nehru Yuva Kendra’s were established in 1972 with the objective of providing opportunities for rural youth to participate in the process of nation building and at the same time for their personality and skill development. The Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) was established in the year 1987-88 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports to oversee the work of these centers. NYKS is the largest grassroots voluntary organization of its kind in the world. It gives the right direction to the youth of 13-35 years of age based on the principles of voluntaryism, self-help, and community participation.

Programme Under National Service Volunteer Scheme:

• Through various activities, self-reliance, secularism, socialism, democracy, national unity, and scientific temper has to be practiced among the youth.
• Some activities like formal education, social service camps, organizing youth sports, cultural and entertainment programs, vocational training, youth leadership training camps and youth clubs are encouraged and established.
• These activities are organized to make the out of school youths self-reliant, to make them literate and to develop mathematical skills.
• They are aimed at improving their efficiency and making them aware of their growth prospects, in which youth can become functionally competent, economically productive, and socially useful.

Q2. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 deals with which two categories of children? What are the children in need of care and protection as per this Act?

Answer. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 is concerned with two categories of childrena.

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 was the primary legal framework of justice for adolescents in India. This was replaced by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
• The Act is concerned with two categories of children–
  • Those who violate the law and
  • Those who need care and protection.
• Children “in conflict with law” (also called juvenile delinquents) are those who have been caught by the police for violating the Indian Penal Code. In other words, they are arrested by the police because they have committed/ are accused of a crime.
• It relates to ‘juveniles in conflict with law’ and ‘children in need of care and protection’, by providing for proper care, protection, and treatment, by catering to their development needs.
• The Act provides for adopting a child-friendly approach in the adjudication and disposition of matters in the best interest of children and for their ultimate rehabilitation through various institutions.
• This Act is in compliance with the Child Rights Convention and according to this Act, the identified children in need of care and protection are–
  • Those who do not have home or a fixed place or shelter or have no means of sustenance. These include abandoned children, street children, runaway children, and missing children.
  • Those who live with a person (guardian or someone else) who is unsuitable to control the child or where the child is likely to be killed, abused, or neglected by the person.
  • Children who are mentally or physically challenged, ill or suffering from any prolonged illness or incurable disease and have no one to care for or support them.
  • Those who are abused, tortured, or punished for sexual misconduct or immoral acts.
  • Those who are vulnerable to drug addiction or their trafficking.
  • Those who are victims of armed conflict, civil commotion, or natural calamity or disaster,
  • Those who are likely to be abused for unfair advantage. These include abandoned, orphans, trafficked minors rescued from red-light area, child labourers rescued from factories, lost, runaways, children with  Special needs and children of prisoners.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

Q1. Prashant completed a bachelor’s degree in social work followed by a diploma in youth-development work from Indira Gandhi National Open University. He has been appointed to the post of Assistant Manager in the Scout and Guide organization. He interacts with several specific individuals regarding the partnership, planning, management, and implementation of various programs. Apart from these, he deals with several officials in various government departments in relation to negotiating in financial institutions, exchanging support from other companies in support of the organization, obtaining loans or other legal requirements, etc. Prashant also has responsibility for paying office rent, buying equipment like computers, and keeping records of accounts / goods. In the above works, identify Prashant’s educational qualifications, people skills and administrative skills and list them separately.

Answer:

Educational Qualifications	People skills	Administrative Skills
Bachelor’s degree in social work	Interaction with people	Paying office rent
Diploma in Youth Development Work from Indira Gandhi National Open University	To plan, manage and implement partnerships	Buying equipment, computer etc.
	Exchanges on organization support from other companies, negotiating in financial institutions	Responsibilities for keeping records Account /goods
	Interaction with officials of government departments to meet loan and other legal requirements

Q2. Kusum has to go to a remote area to deliver a lecture on ‘Aged in India’, a project on social work. Help Kusum by making a list of ten ongoing programs for the elderly in the country.

Answer: Programs for Older Persons:

• Old Age Homes to provide food, care and shelter.
• Respite Care Homes and Continuous Care Homes for Older Persons who live in old age homes but are seriously ill requiring continuous nursing care and respite.
• Providing mobile medical care units for the elderly living in rural, remote, and backward areas.
• Research, Advocacy and Awareness building programmes in the field of Ageing.
• Programmes to build and strengthen intergenerational relationships particularly between children/youth and elderly.
• Programmes for providing Institutional as well as Non iinstitutional Care/Services to the elderly.
• Multi-Service Centers for Older Persons to provide daycare, educational and entertainment opportunities, healthcare, companionship.
• Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) for the elderly aged 60 years or above.
• Disability and hearing aids for the elderly.
• Physiotherapy clinics, physical therapy centers for the elderly
• Help lines and Counseling Centers for older persons.

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