Chapter – 4

Forest Society and Colonialism

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 9 Social Science Chapter 4 (Forest Society and Colonialism) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in Class 9 exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	Social Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	(Forest Society and Colonialism)
Category	Class 9 Social Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark Each)

Q1. What is deforestation?

Ans. The disappearance of forests is referred to as deforestation.

Q2. Why figure has gone up to about half of India’s landmass under the cultivation?

Ans. Population growth

Q3. What is a general sign of progress?

Ans. Expansion of cultivation

Q4. Define sleepers.

Ans. sleepers are the Wooden planks laid across railway tracks; they hold the tracks in position

Q5. Which types of forests in England were disappearing in the early nineteenth century?

Ans. Oak

Q6. Who was Dietrich Brandis?

Ans. First Inspector General of Forests in India.

Q7.Who set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864?

Ans. Dietrich Brandis

Q8. At which place The Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up in 1906.

Ans. Dehradun

Q9. What were the categories of forest by 1878 forest act?

Ans. The 1878 Act divided forests into three categories: reserved, protected and village forests

Q10. What is meant by scientific forestry

Ans. It is a system of cutting trees controlled by the forest department, in which old trees are cut and new ones planted

Q11. What is the main impact of European colonialism in agriculture?

Ans. One of the major impacts of European colonialism was on the practice of shifting cultivation or swidden agriculture.

Q12. Which agriculture practice European foresters regarded as harmful for the forests?

Ans. European foresters regarded this practice as harmful for the forests

Q13. What is the location of Bastar?

Ans. Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra.

Q14. Who killed 400 tigers?

Ans. George Yule

Q15. Write the name of the river which flows across Bastar from east to west.

Ans. River Indravati

 

Short/Long Answer Type Questions (3/ 5 Marks)

Q1. Why cultivation expanded rapidly in the colonial period?

Ans.

• production of commercial crops
• need to feed the growing urban population
• need to raw material
• colonial govt. thought that forests were unproductive
• Enhance the income of the state.

Q2. Why were the British worried?

Ans.

• use of forests by local people
• The reckless felling of trees by traders

Q3. Discuss the effect of the forest Act.

Ans. All the everyday practices became illegal-

• These are -cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle,
• collecting fruits and roots,
• Hunting and fishing

Q4. Discuss some of the local terms and the cultivation process of swidden agriculture.

Ans.

• A. In India, Dhya, denda, Bewar, Nevad, Jhum, Podu, Khandad and Kumri are some of the local terms for swidden agriculture.
• B. In shifting cultivation-
  • Parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation.
  • Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rains,
  • The crop is harvested by October-November.
  • Such plots are cultivated for a couple of years and then left fallow for 12 to 18 years for the forest to grow back.
  • A mixture of crops is grown on these plots.

Q5. In India, write main leader of forest communities rebelled against the British?

Ans. The name of the leaders of some movements against the British are-

• Siddhu and Kanu in the Santhal Parganas
• Birsa Munda of Chhotanagpur
• Alluri Sitarama Raju of Andhra Pradesh

Q6. Discuss the importance of forests in our lives.

Ans. 

• They provide raw materials
• They provide food, fodder, fuel, etc.
• They prevent soil erosion and preserve the fertility

Q7. Where is Bastar located? What were the results of the Bastar rebellion?

Ans. Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra.

• Work on reserved forest was temporarily suspended.
• Reserved area was reduced to roughly half of that planned
• revolt inspired the other tribal people regarding to unjust policies

Q8. What restrictions were imposed by the Dutch Government in Java Forest laws?

Ans. The java people were not –

• Allowed to graze their cattle
• Transport wood without permission
• Allowed to travel on forest roads with horse carts

Q9. Discuss the classification of forests on the basis of the forest act, of 1878.

Ans.

• Reserved forests – villagers could not take anything
• Protected forests – villagers could collect wood under strict supervision
• Village forests – villagers could be use only domestic purpose

Q10. Why did European regard the shifting cultivation practice as a harmful for forests?

Ans.

• shifting cultivation made it harder to calculate taxes
• European felt that in these types of land they could not grow trees for railway timber
• Danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber

Q11. Explain the factors which prompted the Samins to revolt against the Dutch

Ans.

• The Saminists laid down on their land when the Dutch surveyors came to reclassify communal and salary
  lands
• They cut teak despite Dutch efforts to guard the forest.
• They refused to pay taxes, fines to accept wages
• They refused to leave rented or communal land when their leases expired
• Some piled stones on the roads which they had been ordered to build

Q12. Evaluate the various forest laws and policies which were adopted by the colonial rulers.

Ans. various restrictions

• impact on cultivation practices
• various heavy taxes
• loss of livelihood
• displacement of the people

Q13. Discuss the causes of deforestation in India during colonial rule.

Ans.

• Increase in population, leads to growth in demand for food, and extension of land under cultivation at the expense of forests.
• Colonization by the British encouraged production of commercial crops.
• Increased demand for timber due to expansion of railways and for ship-building purposes.

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