Chapter – 2

Physical Features of India

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 (Physical Features of India) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in Class 9 exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	Social Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	(Physical Features of India)
Category	Class 9 Social Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Very Short Questions (1 Mark)

Q1. Out of which sea has the Himalaya uplifted?

Ans. Tethys

Q2. Which peak of the Himalayas is the highest in India?

Ans. Kanchenjunga

Q3. Mention the rivers by which Northern Plain of India has been formed.

Ans. The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.

Q4. By which name are the old and new alluvial soils known?

Ans. The old alluvial soil is known as bhangar and the new alluvial soil is known as khadar.

Q5. What is bhabar?

Ans. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in the bhabar belt.

Q6. What do you understand by terai?

Ans. South to the bhabar belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as terai.

Q7. In how many parts is the Peninsular Plateau broadly divided?

Ans. The peninsular Plateau consists of two broad divisions- (a) the Central Highlands and (b) the Deccan Traps.

Q8. Which group of Islands in India is composed of corals?

Ans. Lakshadweep

Q9. By which name is the area of land which is surrounded by water on three sides known?

Ans. The Peninsula

Q10. Which hills and mountains demarcate the borders between India and Myanmar in the eastern part of India?

Ans. Purvanchal

Q11. What do you understand by doab?

Ans. The land between two rivers

Q12. In which state is the Chilka Lake located?

Ans. Odisha

Short/Long Questions (3/5 Marks)

Q1. In how many groups are the plate movements classified? Explain.

Ans. Plate movements are classified into three types:

• Convergent boundary- plates come towards each other.
• Divergent boundary plates move away from each other.
• Transform boundary- movements of plates horizontally past each other.

Q2. What are the main plates on earth?

Ans. Important plates are:

• Eurasian plate
• North American plate
• South American plate
• African plate
• Indo-Australian plate
• Pacific plate
• Antarctic plate

Q3. Mention the highest peaks of the Himalayas in India with their heights?

Ans. The highest peaks of the Himalayas that are in India are as follows:

• Kanchenjunga(8598 m)
• Nanga Parbat (8126 m)
• Nanda Devi (7817 m)
• Kamet (7756 m)
• Namcha Barwa (7756 m)

Q4. Mention three features of Himadri?

Ans. Features of Himadari are

• It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres
• It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.
• The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• it is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range

Q5. Mention three features of Himachal or lesser Himalaya.

Ans. Features of Himachal or lesser Himalayas are:

• The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks.
• The altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km. Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range.
• This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu valley in Himachal Pradesh.

Q6. Mention three features of the Shiwaliks.

Ans. Features of Shiwaliks are;

• This is the outer most range of the Himalayas.
• They extend over a width of 10-15 Km and have an altitude Varying between 900 and 1100 meters.
• These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges locate father north.

Q7. Classify the Himalayas on the basis of river valleys.

Ans. Division of the Himalayas by river valleys:

• Punjab Himalayas- between Indus and Sutlej rivers.
• Kumaon Himalayas- between Satluj and Kali rivers.
• Nepal Himalayas- between Kali and Tista rivers.
• Assam Himalayas- between Tista and Dihang rivers.

Q8. In how many sections is the Northern Plain broadly divided?

Ans. The Northern Plain is broadly divided into following three sections:

• Punjab Plains- the western part of the Northern Plain is referred to as the Punjab Plains. It is formed by the Indus and its tributaries-the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj. The larger part of this plain lies in Pakistan. This section of the plain is dominated by the doabs
• Ganga Plain- the Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It is spread over the states of Haryana, Delhi, U.P. Bihar, partly Jharkhand and West Bengal.
• Brahmaputra plain- This plain is formed by the Brahmputra and its tributaries. It lies mainly in the state of Assam.

Q9. Explain the features of the Northern Plain

Ans. Important features of the Northern Plain are as follows-

• The Northern Plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely- the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.
• It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The plain being about 2400 Km long and 240 to 340 Km broad.
• It is made of alluvial soil bought by the rivers. The newer alluvial soil called khadar is ideal for intensive griculture.
• It’s densely populated area,

Q10. Explain the features of the Peninsular Plateau.

Ans. Important features of the Peninsular Plateau are as follows:

• The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• The plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.
• An extension of the Plateau is also visible in the northeast- locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and the North Cachar Hills.
• The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively. One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the
• black soil area known as Deccan Trap.

Q11. Differentiate between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats?

Ans. Comparison between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats:

• The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan plateau respectively.
• The Western Ghats are continuous and can be crossed through passes only while the Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by the rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.
• The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. The average elevation of the Western Ghats is 900-1600 metres as against 600 metres of the Eastern Ghats.
• The highest peak in the Western Ghats is Anai Mudi (2,695 metres) while Mahendragiri (1,501) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats.

Q12. Explain the features of the Indian desert.

Ans. The Indian Desert: Important features

• The Indian Desert is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes.
• This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year.
• It has arid climate with low vegetation.
• Streams appear during the rainy season. Luni is the only large rivers in this region.
• Barchans (large shaped dunes) cover larger areas of the Indian Desert.

Q13. Differentiate between Eastern Coastal Plains and Western Coastal Plains.

Ans. 

The Western Coast:

• It is located between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.
• It is relatively narrow.
• It consists of three sections. The norhten part of the coast is called the Konkan, the central stretch is called the Kannad Plain while the southern stretch is referred to as the Malabar coast.

The Eastern Coast:

• It lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
• This plain is wide and level.
• It is divided into two parts. In the northern part, it is referred to as the Northern Circar, while the southern part is known as the Coromandel Coast.
• Large rivers such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri have formed extensive delta on this coast.

Q14. Mention the features of the group of Islands in India.

Ans. The Islands: The Islands in India is divided into two parts:

Lakshadweep Islands:

• This group of Islands is composed of small coral islands.
• It covers small area of 32 sq. km. Kavaratti island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep.
• This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna. 

The Andaman and Nicobar islands:

• These islands are located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south.
• The entire group of island is divided into two broad categories – The Andaman in the North and the Nicobar in the south.
• It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains.
• These islands lie close to equator and experience equatorial climate and have thick forest cover.

Q15. ‘The Himalayas is like boon for India.’ Explain.

Ans. The Himalayas have the following importance to our country

• It provides the invincible northern boundary to our country.
• The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the subcontinent.
• The Himalayan Rivers are perennial. Thus, our country gets water throughout the year.
• Having rich sources of natural resources.
• The Himalayas are home to beautiful hills and tourist Places.

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