Chapter – 5

Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 5 (Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Political Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	(Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System)
Category	Class 12 Political Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 5 Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System

One Marker Questions

Q1. Tashkent Agreement was done between which two countries?

Ans. India and Pakistan

Q2. Name the state where a non congress party formed government in 1967 elections.

Ans. Kerala

Q3. The Election Commission of India was formed in _____________.

Ans. January 1950

Q4. The split in congress took place in the year:

• 1962
• 1965
• 1967
• 1969

Ans. d) 1969

Q5. Which period of Indian politics was called the congress system?

Ans. 1950

Q6. In which year the fifth general election of Lok sabha was held?

• 1971
• 1980
• 1984
• 1967

Ans. b) 1980

Q7. Which was the second largest party in 1967 elections?

Ans. Swatantr party

Two Marker Questions

Q1. Why is the decade of 1960 called the dangerous decade?

Ans.

• 1962 India-China war,1965 India Pakistan war
• Monsoon failure resulting in drought.

Q2. What do you mean by Defection?

Ans. Defection means an elected representative leaves the party on whose symbol he was elected and joins another Party.

Q3. Mention any two reasons for the winning of Congress -R in 1971 elections.

Ans.

• Slogan of Garibi Hata
• India’s victory in 1971 Indo Pak war

Q4. Define Syndicate.

Ans. A group of powerful and influential leaders fromwithin the Congress.

Q5. Name two countries where one party dominance is prevalent.

Ans. South Korea, Taiwan

Four Marker Questions

Q1. Describe the reasons for one party dominance in India.

Ans.

• Socialists believed in the ideaology of democratic socialism. The communist were influenced by the Russion revolution and advocated the path of communism for many solutions
• In the first general election,the socialist did not achieve much success while the communists got 16 seats.

Q2. Write a short note on 1969 presidential election in India.

Ans.

• Following Dr Zakir Hussain death the post of President of India fell vacant that year.
• Despite Mrs Gandhi’s reservations ,the Syndicate managed to nominate her longtime opponent the then speaker of the Lok Sabha N. Sanjeeva Reddy as the official Congress candidate for the ensuring presidential elections.
• Indira Gandhi retaliated by encouraging the then vice president VV Glri to file his nomination as an independent candidate
• Indira Gandhi openly called for a conscious vote which meant that use MP and MLA from the Congress should be free to vote the way they wanted in this election
• This ulitmetely resulted in the victory of VV Girl the independent candidate and the defeat of Sanjeeva Reddy the official Congress candidate.
• The defeat of the official Congress candidate formalized the split in the party
• Indira Gandhi projected the split as an ideological divide between socialists and conservatives, between the pre poor and the pro rich

Q3. What do you mean by the Restoration of the congress system?

Ans. In the 1971 general elections, Indira Gandhi attempted to bring the Congress to power with an absolute majority, for which Indira Gandhi initiated various public welfare programs, resulting in the Congress coming to power with an absolute majority in the elections.

Q4. Why is the period of fourth general election (1967) described as political earth quake.

Ans. Fourth General Election 1967 Known as Political Earthquake

• Opposition parties started mobilizing the public. The result of elections has been termed as political earthquake because the Congress lost the election for the first time, with lowest tally of seats received and share of votes
• Congress could not form government in 9 states i.e.- UttarPradesh, Bihar,Madhya Pradesh, Madras, West Bengal, Orissa, Punjab, Kerala and Haryana.

Q5. Write four challenges that Election Commission faced in first general election.

Ans. Challenges faced by the Election commission of India before first General elections :-

• Delimitation of Electoral constituencies- free and fair elections
• Absence of electoral rolls. Preparing the election rolls was a huge task as many citizens were eligible to vote.
• Illiterate population- did not know details like wife of and daughter of…15% voters illiterate out of 17 crore eligible voters because of which special method of voting was needed.
• Mistake in electoral rolls-Large population and voters to hold free and fair elections. Large number of staff and infrastructure for the first time

Five Marker Questions

Q1. In the political outline of India given below five states have been marked as A, B, C, D and E. Identify these states / Union Territoryon the basis of information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet in the map as per the following format.

S. No. Of the information used	Concerned alphabet	Name of the state
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

 

1. The state where congress did not get majority.

2. The state where Congress did not get majority but formed government with the help of other parties.

3. The state where Communist Party of india formed government

4. The state where congress formed government with complete majority.

5. The state where popular united front formed government.

Ans.

S. No. Of the information used	Concerned alphabet	Name of the state
1)	B	West Bengal
2)	A	Rajasthan
3)	C	kerala
4)	E	Madhya pradesh
5)	D	Punjab

 

Six Marker Question

Q1. Explain the reasons of the split of congress in 1969.

Ans.

• Differences between the then Finance Minister Morarji Desai on issues like Privy Purse.
• Differences among Syndicate and young Turks.
• Indira Gandhi ‘s expiilsion from Congress
• Indira Gandhi not giving importance to Syndicate
• discord on right and left wing

Q2. Describe any six reasons of the popularity of Indira Gandhi in the initial years of the decade of 1970 .

Ans.

• Mrs Gandhi’s miraculous leadership
• Socialist policies
• Indira Gandhi’s grip on Congress party
• Polarization of votes
• Weak opposition .
• Slogan of Garibi Hatao

Q3. Describe the economic and political situation of India at the time of the 1967 general election.

Ans. Economic and Political Situation of India.

• Severe food crisis
• Decrease in foreign exchange reserves, Decrease in industrial production and exports,
• increase in military expenses,
• Shutdown and strikes in the country.

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