Chapter – 2

Era of One Party Dominance

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 2 (Era of One Party Dominance) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Political Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	(Era of One Party Dominance)
Category	Class 12 Political Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 2 Era of One Party Dominance

One Marks Question:

Q1. Correct and rewrite the following sentences.

“The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was founded by Acharya Narendra Dev.” 

Ans. Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee

Q2. Fill in the blanks. The party came second in the first election to the ………….. Lok Sabha by winning 16 seats. 

Ans. Communist Party of India

Q3. Which system of governance was adopted in India after independence?

Ans. Democratic governance system

Q4. Who became the first Indian Governor General of India? 

Ans. C. Rajagopalachari

Q5. On which idea did the Bharatiya Jana Sangh emphasize? 

Ans. One Country One Culture One Nation

Q6. What was the symbol of Congress in the first general election? 

Ans. pair of two oxen

Q7. The dominance of one party in India was related to which political party? 

Ans. Congress Party

Q8. Who has said this statement “The feeling of hero worship in politics leads directly to downfall”? 

Ans. B. R. Ambedkar

Q9. What was the total time taken for campaigning, polling and counting of votes for the first general election? 

Ans. six months

Q10. In 1957, under the leadership of which party the government was formed in the state of Kerala?

Ans. Communist Party of India

Q11. Which political party stood second in terms of vote share in the first general election? 

Ans. Samajwadi Party

Q12. Which period of Indian politics is called ‘Congress-system’?

Ans. 1950

Q13. Which socialist leader declined the invitation to join the interim government? 

Ans. Jai Prakash Narayan

Q14. Who was the founder of the theory of holistic humanism? 

Ans. Deendayal Upadhyay

Q15. Who was the first Indian and the founder of the Swatantra Party to be honored with the Bharat Ratna? 

Ans. C. Rajagopalachari

Q16. What do you understand by one party dominance? 

Ans. Where there is dominance of one party under multi-party system, in such a system voters give more importance to only one party.

Two Marks Question:

Q1. When and where was the Communist Party’s government formed for the first time in the world on the basis of democratic elections?

Ans. In the 1957 Legislative Assembly elections in the Indian state of Kerala.

Q2. When was the Election Commission of India formed and who was made the first Election Commissioner? 

Ans. January 1950, Sukumar Sen.

Q3. Which leader called the Congress party an inn and why? 

Ans. Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar, because the doors of the Congress were open to all sections of the society, at the time of the national movement, various classes and groups were merged in their party.

Q4. Describe the role of the opposition party in a democracy.

Ans.

• criticism of government policies 
• curb the indifference of the government
• political education to the masses

Q5. Which countries were dominated by one party? 

Ans. Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan

Q6. What were the Swatantra Party against?

Ans. Agriculture was against land ceiling, co-operative farming and government control over trade in food grains.

Q7. What were the reasons for the split in the Communist Party in India? 

Ans. At the time of Indo-China war of 1962, one faction of the party accepted the Chinese invasion as correct and one faction opposed it, resulting in split in CPI in 1964.

Q8. What do you mean by one party dominance?

Ans. The influence and supremacy of a political party on the political system of the country.

Q9. Name two states where the Congress was not in power during 1952 to 1967 and name any other state where the Congress ruled during this period. 

Ans. Jammu Kashmir, Kerala and Punjab, Uttar Pradesh. 

Q10. Explain the meaning of the statement “Politics is not the problem but the solution to the problem”. 

Ans. Politics is the most appropriate medium for proper distribution of resources in the society. In this way, politics is not a problem, it presents a solution to the problem.

Q11. How was the dominance of the Congress party in the first three general elections helpful in establishing a democratic system in India? 

Ans.

• The nature of the dominance of the Congress party in India was different from the dominance of one party in countries like Cuba and China. 
• Despite the dominance of the Congress in the first three general elections, the voice of the opposition was not stifled, but respected. 

Q12. What was the role of the opposition parties in the Lok Sabha and Vidhansabha in the 1950s?

Ans.

• The opposition parties maintained the democratic character of the system of governance. 
• He made a theoretical criticism of the policies and practices of the Congress party. 

Q13. Which member of Bharatiya Jana Sangh became a minister in Prime Minister Nehru’s first Council of Ministers? When and why did he resign? 

Ans. Syama Prasad Mukherjee. He resigned in 1950 due to his differences over relations with Pakistan. He believed that “Akhand Bharat” should be made about India and Pakistan.

Q14. Mention any two important features of the ideology of the Indian Jansandh. 

Ans.

• It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.
• It was opposed to the granting of concession to religious and cultural minorities.

Q15. When and why did the split in the Communist Party of India take place? 

Ans. Happened in 1941. The Communist Party of India (CPI) fell victim to a split after the ideological differences between China and the Soviet Union. The supporters of Soviet ideology are called Communist Party of India and the supporters of Chinese ideology are called Communist Party of India (Marxist).

Four Marks Question:

Q1. Match the following. 

A) S.A. Dage                                  i) Bharatiya Jana Sangh 

b) Dr. Syama Prasad Mukherjee              ii) Communist Party of India 

c) Meenu Masani                              iii) Praja Socialist Party 

d) Ashok Mehta                            iv) Swatantra Party 

Ans.

a) iv) 

b) i) 

c) ii) 

D iii)

Q2. Describe the reasons for the supremacy of one party in India. 

Ans.

• The Congress had representation from all classes. 
• Almost all the opposition parties came out of the Congress. 
• There was similarity in the policies of the Congress and the opposition parties. 
• Failure of coalition governments in the states. 

Q3. What was the change in the nature of Congress with the passage of time? 

Ans.

• In the 20th century, the Congress was a pressure group of the rich and merchants, dominated by the English-speaking upper class. ii) With the advent of Gandhi, urban, rural, capitalist, laborers and different castes became members of the Congress. 
• On attaining independence, Congress was a party with diverse (class, caste, religion and language) representatives like Indra Dhanush.

Q4. In what sense was the Congress an ideological coalition? Explain giving examples. 

Ans.

• People who believed in many ideologies were included in the Congress. Example – pacifist and revolutionary 
• People could participate in this even while living in their groups. 
• The Congress Socialist Party was also formed within the Congress. 
• Their leadership was not limited to any one class, caste or profession.

Q5. Mention the relations between the Congress and the opposition parties after independence. 

Ans.

• The presence of opposition is only nominal but plays an important role in maintaining the democratic character of governance. 
• Criticism of the policy of the Congress Party. 
• Balance of power within the Congress Party. 
• Sense of mutual respect between ruling party and opposition

Q6. What was the difference between the ideology of Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Communist Party of India? 

Ans. 

Bharatiya Jana Sangh:

• The idea of ​​one country, one culture and one nation. 
• Imagination of modern progressive and powerful India on the basis of Indian culture and tradition. 
• Supporter of united India including India and Pakistan 
• Started a movement to replace English with Hindi as the official language.

Communist Party of India:

• Abandoned the path of violent revolution in 1951. Participation in general elections. 
• Partition happened in 1964. China supporters formed a party named Communist Party of India. 
• The transfer of power in 1947 was not considered true independence. Promoted violent insurgency in Telangana. 
• A. who. Gopalan, S.A. Dange, E.M.S Nambudaripad, P.C.Joshi and other prominent leaders. Anti-Capitalism.

Q7. Why were apprehensions expressed by terming the first general election as the biggest gamble in history  ?

Ans.

• large number of voters. 
• Poor and illiterate voters. 
• lack of resources for elections 
• Lack of trained election personnel.

Five-point question:

Q1. Read the given passage carefully and answer the given questions:

The first general elections were held from October 1951 to February 1952. The election, campaign, polling and counting took a total of six months. More than half of the total electorate cast their vote on polling day. The losing candidates also called these election results fair.

This use of universal suffrage silenced the critics. Hindustan Times wrote – It is being accepted everywhere that the Indian people successfully executed the biggest experiment of democracy in the history of the world.

i) Why did the process of the first general election take six months? 

Ans.

• Lack of resources.
• Lack of trained election personnel.

ii) What is universal suffrage? 

Ans. Right to vote irrespective of caste, religion, color and sex. 

iii) What is the meaning of the above comment made by Hindustan Times?

Ans.

• large number of voters.
• Election in the atmosphere of poverty and illiteracy.

Q2. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

i) To whom is this picture related? 

Ans. Nehru cabinet after Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was sworn in as the Governor General in 1948.

ii) Who was the first Indian Governor General of independent India? 

Ans. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari.

iii) Identify any two persons sitting and standing in a row seen in the picture.

Ans. Dr. Ambedkar, Syama Prasad Mukherjee, Princess Amrit Kaur, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Azad, J.L.Nehru etc.

Q3. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions: 

i) Between whom is the game of tug of war going on?

Ans. Between the government and the opposition parties

ii) Why is the position of the opposition parties weak in the picture? 

Ans. Congress was in a strong position. Whereas there was lack of strong opposition party. Because Congress had strong organization, legacy of freedom movement etc. 

iii) Identify any four persons seen in the picture?

Ans. Leader of the Opposition – A. Of. Gopalan, Acharya Kripalani N.C. Chatterjee, Srikantan Nair and Sardar Hukum Singh ruling party – Nehruji, Princess Amritkaur, Maulana Azad.

Six Marks Question:

Q1. Differentiate between coalition within parties and coalition between parties.

Ans. Alliances within the party were seen in India from the very first general elections.

When the Congress was seen as a colorful social and ideological alliance. Being of different groups made its nature tolerant. And within the Congress itself, despite the different structure of the organization, it worked as a means of maintaining balance in the system. In the current politics, there is a coalition between the parties, where the parties who believe in different ideologies in the interest of Indian democracy, form a mixed government on the issues of consensus, but do not change the policies of their party.

Q2. Discuss the factors which strengthen the competition of political parties in India.

Ans.

• constitutional provision 
• independent election commission 
• Independent Press 
• Independent Judiciary 
• Multiparty system 
• Pressure and interest groups

Q3. Both India and Mexico were dominated by one party for a certain period of time. How was the dominance of one party established in Mexico different from the dominance of one party in India?

Ans.

• In Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) emerged victorious. The rest of the parties were only in name so that the ruling party could get legitimacy.
• The rules of election were fixed according to the ruling party. 
• The ruling party often manipulated and rigged the elections. 
• Behind the dominance of one party in India, the Congress Party was to inherit the national movement. 
• The organizational structure of the Congress Party was strong and broad. vi) The organization of the opposition parties was weak.
• The “highest number of votes system” also played a role in the dominance of the Congress party. 

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