Chapter – 4

Alternative Centres of Power

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 4 (Alternative Centres of Power) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Political Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	(Alternative Centres of Power)
Category	Class 12 Political Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power

One Marker Questions

Fill in the blanks

Q1. The European Union was formed by the_______treaty.

Ans. Treaty of Maastricht

Q2. Currently, ASEAN countries have_________members.

Ans. 10

Q3. What is the name of the currency of the European Union?

• Dollar
• Pound
• Rouble
• Euro

Ans. Euro

Q4. Put the mark of right(/) or wrong (X) in the given statement.

Britain is a member of BRICS

Ans. Wrong (X)

Q5. Write the full form of SAFTA.

Ans. South Asian Free Trade Agreement

Q6. In which years China became a member of WTO?

• a) 1972
• b) 1982
• c) 1998
• d) 2001

Ans. 2001

Q7. In which year China announced the open door policy

a) 1972 b) 1974 c) 1976 d) 1978

Ans. 1978

Two marker Questions

Q1. What does the New Center of Power mean?

Ans. After the end of the bipolar structure of world politics in the early 1990 it became clear that regional organisations or countries of political and economic power could limit America’s dominance. These regional organisations or countries are called New Centers of Power.

Q2. What was Marshall Plan?

Ans. America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe’s economy after the Second World War. It is called thc Marshall plan.

Q3. What are the factors to make Russia a New Center of Power?

Ans.

• Russia has reserves of minerals, natural resources and gases that make it Powerful country.
• Rassia is a nuclear state and also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

Q4. Give two reasons for establishing Israel as the New Centre of Power.

Ans. Israel has indomitable defence powers, technolo g ical innovation. industrialisation and agricultural development.

Q5. What are the key objectives of BRICS?

Ans. The BRICS mechanism aims to promote peace, security, development and cooperation. It also aims at contributing significantly to the development of humanity and establishing a more equitable and fair world.

Four Marker Questions

Q1. What are the factors that limit the ability of the European Union?

Ans.

• In many areas its member states have their own foreign relations and defence policies that are often at odds with each other. For example Germany, and France oppose US attack on Iraq.
• Denmark and sweden have resisted the Maastricht Treaty and the adoption of the Euro, the common European currency.

Q2. Explain any four steps taken by China that led to the rise of its economy.

Ans.

• China ended its political and economic isolation with the establishment of relation with the United States in 1972.
• Four modernization in the field of agriculture, industry, Science and Technology and military in 1973.
• ‘Open door policy’ to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and Technology from abroad and economic reforms in 1978.
• The privatization of agriculture in 1982 who was followed by the privatization of industry in 1998.
• Special Economic Zones where foreign investors could set up Enterprises.

Q3. Why did India and China both view themselves as new centers of powers in global politics? Write any four reasons.

Ans.

• Large population of more than 135 crores.
• India has a fast developing economy.
• India has adopted free trade policy and privatisation.
• India has attained nuclear capability in the military sector
• India is the world’s largest democracy.

Q4. What were the objectives behind the formation of SAARC in 1985?

Ans.

• to promote welfare of people of South Asia
• accelerate economic growth and
• increase colaboration and mutual assistance in economic, social, culture, technology and scientific fields.

Five Marker Questions

Q1. Study the cartoon given below carefully and answer the following questions :-

 (i) Which part of this cartoon is related to China?

Ans. Great wall of China

(ii) Assess the strength of China on the basis of this cartoon.?

Ans. Economic and Political rise of China

(iii) “China may be the next superpower in the world.” Justify the statement with two arguments.

Ans.

• China has become the most important destination for the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) anywhere in the world.
• It has large Foreign Exchange Reserves.

Six Marker Questions

Q1. The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one.’ It has started to act more as a nation state. Justify your answer with suitable arguments.

Ans. The EU has started to act more as a nation state, While attempts to have a constitution for the EU have failed although, its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency. It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealing with other nations. EU has tried to expand areas of cooperation while acquiring new members, especially from the erstwhile Soviet bloc.

Q2. Explain the role of ASEAN as an economic association.

Ans. ASEAN still remains principally and an ‘economic association’. While the ASEAN region as whole is a much smaller economy compared to the the USA, the European Union and Japan, its economy is growing much faster than all these. The objectives of the economic community are to create a common market and Production Base within ASEAN states and to aid social and economic development in the region. It has focused on creating a Free Trade Area(FTA) for investment, lobour and services. USA and China have already moved fast to negotiate FTA with ASEAN.

Q3. Critically evaluate the growth of Chinese economy.

Ans.

In favor

• End of political and economic isolation in 1972.
• Modernization in Agriculture, Military, lndustry and Science & Technology
• Adopted ‘open door policy’ to 1978.
• Privatization of agricullture and industries led to a remarkable rise in agricultural production and rural incomes.

In opposition

• Not everyone in China has received the benefit of reforms.
• Unemployment has risen
• Female employment and work conditions are bad.
• Environmental degradation
• Corruption have increased

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