Chapter – 17

Development Communication and Journalism

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Home Science Chapter 17 (Development Communication and Journalism) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 17
Chapter Name	(Development Communication and Journalism)
Category	Class 12 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 17 Development Communication and Journalism

Very Short answer question –

Q1. What services have been made easily accessible using mobile phones? Give two examples.

Answer- Banking and financial transactions, marketing and distribution, employment, social business, and public services

Q2. What kind of institution or organization can a development communication expert choose for his career?

Answer: Government and Non-Governmental Institutions or Mass Communication Organizations

Q3. What centers have been set up in rural areas by the Self-employed Women’s Association (SEWA)?

Answer: Community Learning Centre (CLC)

Q4. What two developmental problems can be studied by students doing research in research institutions?

Answer- Study of gender and development problems such as environment, consumption, health, agriculture and livelihood problems.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. How are communication and development interlinked?

Answer– Different methods of communication make the population at large aware of various technological advancements and discoveries. Through various means of communication, people can communicate with various government agencies to express their grievances and concerns. Further, any development at any place, if the public or community is informed by the media, will similarly improve the condition of the society.

Q2. How is community radio different from All India Radio?

Answer –

• Community Radio is a new, local and interactive format compared to AIR which is more successful as people’s medium than traditional radio and that is for the community, by the community and about the community.
• This new concept of ‘local radio station’ is not designed to earn profit.
• It enables the community to eradicate poverty, reduce gender inequality, health, sanitation, etc. and ensure public participation at all potential levels.

Q3. What is a campaign? Make a slogan for the campaign on the problem of your choice.

Answer– Mixed use of various communication methods and materials such as meetings, excursions, newspaper articles, leaflets, and exhibitions on a subject to make awareness for a pre-defined period called a campaign.

Slogan for ‘Corona Vaccine Awareness Campaign’

‘To stay protected from deadly corona disease.

Take the covid vaccine and remain at ease’.

Q4. Information communication technologies are the future vessels of development’. Comment.

Answer. Information and communication technology is an inclusive term that includes computer hardware and software, digital broadcasting, and telecommunication technology.

• All countries in the world are using information and communication technology today to access information and providing information and knowledge to their public.
• The growing use of mobile phones all over the world has made it more convenient for the common man to access the market and public conveniences and services. A variety of services such as banking, shopping, health related, business transactions, etc., are readily available on mobile phones through Internet.
• Information communication technologies are also the future vessel of development because through this, it will also be possible to improve the quality of livelihood of the poor and backward people.
• The use of information and communication technology has brought about a number of significant changes in the economic, social and political spheres.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

Q1. In what ways are community radio more effective than ‘Vividh Bharati’ radio? Explain the difference between the two.

Answer: Due to the popularity of radio as a medium of communication, AIR has introduced a new concept of ‘Local Radio Station’ in which broadcast journalism professionals have an important role to play. It is run and managed by locals and the content is meant for local use in their local dialect. The local radio station generally supports local programs of development. This gives people an opportunity to participate and express their views and showcase their talents. Thus, radio becomes the voice of the people, which is the catalyst for the development of the people.

Difference between the two-

1. Community Radio

• Community Radio is a new interactive and local radio format. This radio is by community, about community and for the community.
• It is not designed to earn profit.
• With a small investment, a radio station can be set up with possible transmissions in a limited area.
• It is run and managed by locals and content is in their local dialect.
• There are programmes related to issues of community interest. such as poverty alleviation, gender inequality, health, sanitation, etc.

2. ‘Vividh Bharati’ Radio

• All India Radio or Aakaashvani is a radio station run by the Government at the national level.
• It is designed to earn profit through advertisements.
• It is broadcasting at the national level. Hence setting up of radio stations would need large investments.
• National level programmes are being broadcasted in Hindi and English. However, each state also has a regional channel.
• Vividh Bharati’ is the most popular service of All India Radio. It is also called ad broadcast service.

Q2. “ICT is used as an empowerment tool of development communication’. State its six uses during the recent corona pandemic period?

Answer: ICT is a way to communicate with people mainly through computers, videos, telephones, fax machines, mobile phones, radios, televisions, and satellite communications.

• The use of mobile phones has made the world smaller. They have enabled and facilitated markets, social trade, and public services during the Covid-19 pandemic conditions.
• Corona information was first provided by the government through mobile phones.
• The ICT has also eased the use of economic services such as banking and financial transactions, marketing, distribution, employment, and public services through various means.
• Educational material is now available in any form through internet and mobile phone.
• School and college teachers are also using the benefits of ICT and conducting students’ exams online on computer or mobile phones.
• ICT is proving to be economically, socially, and politically transformative. People are not just using their phones to connect with people around the world but are also making bill payments through their phones and taking online health sessions.
• The ICT industry saw a dramatic increase in demand and profits, during the Covid-19 epidemic, which is certainly unprecedented.

Q3. What are the essential features of development communication?

Answer:

• It is mainly helpful in making people informed, educated, and aware.
• This is helpful for improving the standard of living of the people belonging to backward, weak, and neglected society / community.
• The use of information on available technologies is helpful for the advancement of public community in education, health, agriculture, environment etc.
• It is helpful in sensitizing people to the process of development and training them on issues related to an equal, just, and fair society.
• Strengthens and provides persistence to governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and people-to-people affiliations.
• It aims to increase knowledge and strengthen practical skills of students, current and future journalists, campaigners, and media professionals on development issues.

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

Q1. The Red Ribbon Express was launched in India on World AIDS Day, December 1, 2007. It was a nationwide communication campaign to create awareness about HIV/AIDS. Through various information education communication (IEC) methods, information about dangerous diseases is disseminated to the population.

Answer the following questions in regard to Red Ribbon Express.

1. What was the primary objective of this programme?

2. IEC was used to spread information about diseases. List the activities undertaken.

3. Which national and international agencies were involved in this programme?

Answer.

1. Objectives of Red Ribbon Express-

• Spread information regarding primary prevention services.
• Develop an understanding of the disease, to reduce stigma and discrimination against people with AIDS
• Enhance people’s knowledge about preventive measures, health, habits and lifestyle.

2. Information Education Communication (IEC) activities such as street play/Nukkad Natak, Folk Songs, Stories and Group Counseling Sessions.

3. National and International Agencies involved

• National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO),
• Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan
• UNICEF and UNAIDS etc. (international agencies)
• Indian Railways.

Q2. ‘Radio holds higher importance than print media or television as a source of Development communication’? Review the role of radio in this field.

Answer: Radio is the most popular as a development communication source-

Radio and Television

• Radio and television are the most popular, cheapest, and convenient mass media, which can be used for the purpose of development.
• Radio remains the most accessible source of information, education, and entertainment for many people in our country.
• It is a mobile medium i.e., it can move with the listener at work or rest.
• Radio broadcasting is more beneficial than journalism i.e., print media, as it can be used for more and more persons, especially those of poor literacy levels. Because those who cannot read or write, the radio is suitable to inform them about what is happening around them.

Public Service Announcement

• There is usually a short message of 10-60 seconds in between the programme as a rhyme or jingles.
• Basically, these are advertisements of an idea or message for the betterment of the people, such as ‘Follow the traffic rules’, ‘Say no to tobacco’, ‘One step towards cleanliness’ and more.
• In general, they are highly effective because of their catchy slogans and repetition of broadcasts.

Community Radio

• After the popularity of radio, All India Radio introduced a new format under which radio programmes were broadcast in a limited area where geographical and social status were same. This format is called local radio or community radio.
• UNESCO defines community radio, that “Radio, by community, for the community and about the community.” Community radio is not for profit.
• It is brought or controlled by the local people.
• The biggest advantage of community radio is that the contents broadcasted are for local use and in their local dialect, such as programmes related to community interest issues, poverty alleviation, gender inequality, health, sanitation, and so on.
• NGOs and educational institutions are licensed to set up a local community radio station to disseminate information and messages on developmental aspects.
• It ensures public participation at all potential levels.
• It also encourages youth to prepare for a career in Development Communication Journalism (DCJ).

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

Q1. Explain in detail any of the five skills needed for career in the field of development communication journalism.

Answer:

1. Cognitive Skills

• Before writing or presenting effectively about a problem, it is necessary to understand the problem thoroughly and to present it in a constructive manner (which can attract the attention of others and influence them).

2. Creative Skills

• There is also a need to have creative skills.
• A person working in a mass media house or advertising agency with the skills in media designing, production and operation of technical instrument handling along with cognitive and creative skills will have an advantage while undertaking assignments or jobs .He will always be in a position to benefit from others.

3. Technical Skills

• Development communication and journalism professionals need to learn the technical skills to operate equipment correctly to optimise their presentations.
• Those interested to work as a development filmmaker, need to know camera techniques and video production apart from content development and implementation.
• They should be aware of all laws and regulations so that they know what they can and cannot do.
• They need to learn about the computers used to operate the station, basic radio production skills using suitable software and how to write a creative brief that effectively communicates.

4. Presentation Skills

• For a career in DCJ, a combination of journalistic and presentation skills is required.
• Interest in current affairs and local conditions, hands-on experience in radio, the ability to communicate and knowledge of music are useful.

5. Questioning ability

• The ability to question helps to know the subtle details of any problem. Passion for adventure and travel are added advantages.

6. Ability to work with diverse groups.

• DCJ professionals needs to be people centric to understand people’s viewpoint on issues affecting their lives and find solutions which will work for them.
• It is important to know the principles of social work.
• Leadership skills and excellent intra-personal skills.
• Should be a good listener to write with sensitivity.

7. Language and computer skills

• Command in any one language is important and includes speaking, writing, and reading with an ability to write technical reports and documents.
• Knowledge of the basic skills of the computer is desirable for success, which include various computer software and applications- such as Google Doc, Google Sheet Microsoft Office such as Word, Excel and Power Point etc.

Q2. What are the different methods of development communication? Describe any two methods?

Answer: Methods of Development Communication-

• Campaign
• Radio Television
• Print Television
• Information Communication Technology

Campaign

• Mixed use of various communication methods and materials such as meetings, excursions, newspaper articles, leaflets, and exhibitions on a subject for a pre-defined period.
• It is a focused and well-organised activity, like ‘election campaign’. During the election, every party or candidate explains about itself to people using various communication methods such as public meetings, print material, advertisements on radio and television, etc. The campaign starts before the election and ends on the date given by the Election Commission.
• Similarly, print media, radio and television, drama, short film, etc., are used to make the public aware of a subject or adopt appropriate practices for development communication.
• Campaigns are sometimes time-bound schedules for a certain period. For example, a special Sunday in the month for polio immunization.

Radio and Television

• Radio and television are the most popular, cheapest, and convenient mass media, which can be used for the purpose of development.
• Radio remains the most accessible source of information, education, and entertainment for many people in our country.
• It is a mobile medium i.e., it can move with the listener at work or rest.
• Radio broadcasting is more beneficial than journalism i.e., print media, as it can be used for more and more persons, especially those of poor literacy levels. Because those who cannot read or write, the radio is suitable to inform them about what is happening around them.

Television

• The introduction of television in India under All India Radio began on September 15, 1959 as an experiment with equipment presented by West Germany.
• Television as Doordarshan, which started as the branch of All India Radio, became a separate department in1976.
• New horizons of information and information are opened for television viewers. Can also be used to create awareness about various topics, such as environmental pollution and global warming.
• It telecasts various programmes through multiple channels/ local levels. Some of these programmes give individuals an opportunity to participate in the form of talk shows, reality shows and competitions etc.
• Many government and non-governmental institutions are showing programmes of educational importance and public interest on various channels.
• Television is currently the most prominent means of development communication which is providing entertainment and is also educational and enlightening.

Print Media

• There are many daily newspapers at the national and regional level all over the country, but there are very few regional newspapers which write and print about the problems related to rural areas and agriculture. Nevertheless, it is a medium of continuing education.
• The contribution of the print media in providing information and transfer of knowledge is noteworthy. Even after the advent of electronic media, print media has not lost its charm or relevance.
• Printing mediums make a long and profound impact on the mind of the reader.
• Journalists in the printing medium collect news of various events and send them to the editors of various daily times. Their working day may involve interview with individuals to prepare stories or news stories, attend a press conference or contact through telephone and send e-mails etc.
• The power of Print media
  • The Print media educates the public.
  • The Print media helps democracy function effectively, giving the public information about government policies and programmes.
  • This helps people to voice their feelings and help the government make the necessary changes to those policies or programmes.
  • The number of development communication journalism professionals who write with zeal and sensitivity for the rural poor are still low. Despite the neglect of the rural areas, the power of the pen or the power of the press cannot be denied.

Information Communication Technology

• Information and communication technology is an umbrella term that includes computer hardware and software (machine and process material), digital broadcast and telecommunication technologies such as radio, television, mobile phones, etc.
• Information communication technology- ICTs have been used for informing and disseminating knowledge to people. With the effect of which many sectors like agriculture, health, education have seen a lot of change as compared to earlier.
• Information communication technology -ICTs has proven to be economically, socially, and politically transformative.
• Today the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become an active tool of Development Communication. Example: Electronic governance(e-governance) is the distribution of public services and information at the doorstep of the people with the help of computer. E-governance can play a catalytic role for sustainable inclusive growth.
• A more direct way of using Information Communication Technology is to improve the lives of poor people by the setting up of telecentres. Launched in June 2000, ‘e-Chaupal’ is a major initiative among all internet-based interventions in rural India.

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