Chapter – 12

Production and Quality Control in the Garment Industry

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Home Science Chapter 12 (Production and Quality Control in the Garment Industry) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 12
Chapter Name	(Production and Quality Control in the Garment Industry)
Category	Class 12 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 12 Production and Quality Control in the Garment Industry

Very short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

Q1. Who invented the sewing machine and in which year it was invented?

Ans. The sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe in the year 1833.

Q2. While buying a readymade shirt which size of the wearer would you need?

Ans. While buying a readymade shirt ‘collar size’ of the wearer is needed.

Q3. What do you understand by the term ‘float’?

Ans. It means thread that extends unbound over the threads of the opposite yarn system with which it should normally be interlaced.

Q4. Why is fabric inspection done?

Ans. Fabric inspection is done to find faults or defects in the fabric.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

Q1. What are the various stages of production in a garment industry?

Ans. Garment production is generally done in four stages.

• Procurement and inspection of raw material.
• Laying and cutting of fabric/material.
• Assembly of the product
• Finishing and packaging

Q2. Explain the importance of fabric inspection before the process of apparel production.

Ans. Fabric inspection is one of the most important step in the process of production.

• The cost of raw material in any garment is about 70%, out of which 90% or above is that of the fabric.
• In case the fabric is not inspected properly, the cost factor of the fabric component in the garment would increase leading to less profits and in some cases, looses.

Q3. What are the important points to be borne in mind while choosing a course in the field of garment production or quality control?

Ans.

• The institute should have a working facility and the course should have practical perspective.
• The institute should have a working relationship with the concerned industry.

Q4. Name two defects arising from dyeing faults?

Ans.

• Colour Run- the colour of one area has bled or superimposed on the colour of another area.
• Shaded- The colour or bleach is not uniform from one location to another.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)

Q1. What are the various types of defects arising from finishing faults?

Ans.

• Baggy- A fabric which will not lie flat on the cutting table.
• Chafe- An area where the fabric has been damaged by abrasion or friction.
• Cuts & tears on the fabric
• Wrinkled and curled selvedges
• Tentering marks: Enlarged pinholes or distorted areas along the edge of the fabric caused by the holding of the fabric to width during finishing also called pin marks.
• Uneven finish: The finish is not uniform from one location to another.

Q2. Explain with examples the three ways of packaging of garments.

Ans. Packaging of the garments can be done in following ways.

• Hanger packed- some garments are hanger packed e.g. coats, jackets, suits, children’s dresses.
• Fold packed- Some garments are folded without hanger and packed e.g. Shirts, T-shirts, track suits.
• Folded & hanger packed- Some garments are folded and then packed in Hangers e.g. Trousers, pants and pajamas.

Q3. Which processes of assemble are used to assemble the multiple pieces of a garment?

Ans. Some of the processes of assembly are as follows:

• Tailor System- Each operator or tailor assembles an entire garment. This system is used mainly in customised clothing.
• Team working or module system- The garment is assembled by a group or team of operators. Each team is a mix of skilled, semi -skilled and unskilled workers.
• Unit production system- The garment assembly process is broken into smaller units called operations. Each operator is given one or more operations to do which needs to be done on the same sewing machine.

Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

Q1. Which two types of sewing machines are used for stitching garment pieces? Differentiate between them also?

Ans. Two types of machine used are

1. Single needle machine/lackstitch machine

• It uses two threads to do the stitching which enters the fabric from the top through the needle and one which enters from bottom through a bobbin
• This machine can be used for any type of fabric and any kind of stitching operation.
• The Lock stitch is reversible and a very stable, strong and in flexible stitch.
• It is also possible to work it in reverse direction to have double stitching line.

 2. Chain Stitch machine

• For stitching of knitted fabric the machine used is chain stitch machine. The stitch may use 1-5 threads for formation.
• The lower thread comes through a hooked device called looper. The looper may or may not have its own source of thread.
• The chain stitch is flexible and non-reversible by nature.
• This machine is used for all garments made from knitted fabric.

Q2. Radhika wants to built a career in garment industry. Suggest her some courses which can help her train for a career in garment industry.

Ans.

• She can apply for some certificate programmes which are for a period of a few weeks to a few months.
• Diploma programme offered for a period of 1 year to 3 years.
• Degree programmes of 3-4 years are offered by selected insitutes accross the country.
• There are also engineering programmes that offer ‘Apparel Production’ as a specialisation choice.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

Q1. How many steps are involved in the process of laying and cutting of fabric/material?

Ans. Laying and cutting of fabric is the second step of production of garments. It involves the following steps:

• Marker plan- A marker is defined as the placement of pattern pieces on fabric in such a way that the consumption of fabric per garment is optimised.
• Spreading- Fabric is smoothened and spread along lengths of table in layers. The fabric may be spread by hand or with the help of machine called ‘spreaders’. The final product of the spreading process is called a ‘lay’.
• Marking- the patterns are traced on the top layer as per the defined marker.
• Cutting- The layers are cut simultaneously using machines that may be controlled either manually or through computer systems.
• Bundling- The cut pieces are bundled for further processes of stitching/embroidery/printing etc. and sent to respective departments.

Q2. Name the additional stage of Apparel Production and discuss about it in detail.

Ans. The additional stage is ‘Value Addition which is a term used to indicate any process that adds to the total cost of the product and hence increases the value of the product.

• It increases the use and serviceability/functionality of the product as well as its aesthetic appeal.
• This includes special finishes to yarn and fabric eg. Sandwash or enzymewash for denims,
• Surface ornamentation such as prints and embroideries.
• This could be done before, during or after assembly of the product.

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