Chapter – 7

Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 (Tertiary and Quaternary Activities) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Geography
Chapter no.	Chapter 7
Chapter Name	(Tertiary and Quaternary Activities)
Category	Class 12 Geography Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter – 7, (Tertiary and Quaternary Activities)

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. Give the meaning of the digital divide.
Ans: A digital divide is an economic and social inequality arising in the countries due to unequal access and use of knowledge or Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

Q2. Define the term ‘quaternary activities’.
Ans: Quaternary activities refer to the more intellectual occupations whose task is to think research and develop ideas. It is concerned with high-order of professional and administrative services, information generation, processing and transmission.

Q3. Give any two examples of quaternary activities.
Ans: Examples of quaternary activities are:

• Collection of information.
• Production of information.

Q4. Give the meaning of retail trading services.
Ans: Retail trading services link the producers with consumers. It is the business activity concerned with the sale of goods directly to consumers. Street peddling, handcarts, trucks, online order, etc are examples of non-store retail trading.

Q6. Give any two examples of tertiary activities.
Ans: Examples of tertiary activities are trade and commerce and transport.

Q7. Who is an empowered worker?
Ans: Empowered workers are people who are engaged in re-arrangement and interpretation and the use and evaluation of new technologies. They come under the category of quinary activities.

Q8. Define the term ‘tourism.’
Ans: Travelling with the motive of recreation rather than business is called tourism. It is a business of providing hotels, restaurants, entertainment, etc for people who are travelling.

Q9. What are quaternary services?
Ans: Quaternary activities involve some of the following: the collection, production dissemination of information or even the production of information.

Q10. What is a techno pole?
Ans. A techno pole is a concentrated place of modern industries and production which is based on industrial planning.

Q11. What are the major components of services?
Ans. Major components of services may be grouped as follows: –

• business services including advertising, legal services ,public relations and consultancies
• Finance ,insurance and real estate including saving and banking services.
• Wholesale and retail trading linking the producers with consumers. Personal services such as maintenance services, beauticians and repair works.
• Transport and communication including post and telegraph services.
• Entertainment including T.V.,Radio, Films and publishing.
• Govt,services including bureaucrats ,police ,army.
• Non.Govt. agencies setup for charity, education, health care rural development etc.

Q12. Why is the share of employment in tertiary sector increasing throughout the world? Give reason.
Ans:

• The share of employment in the tertiary sector is increasing throughout the world due to
• Increase in per capita income in developed countries.25
• Development in medical facilities. The changes have taken place in demographic structure in developed nations and demand in medical facilities has increased for adult population.
• Enhancement in educational services
• Acceleration in public sector services.
• Out sourcing in developed nations

Q13. How do the tertiary occupation helpful in the economic development of a country? Explain with suitable example.
Ans:

• In service sector the gross and retail sale is included and it includes mean of transportation which joins the producers and the consumers.
• These occupations are helpful for To and For supply of raw material and manufacture goods for the factories.
• Health welfare, education, amusement and commercial services are helpful in the economic development of the nation.
• These occupations have increase employment opportunities.
• Service sectors is considered as the last stage of the development.

Short Answer-Based Questions

Q1. Explain any three characteristics of quaternary activities.
Ans: The three characteristics of quaternary activities are as follows:

• Quaternary activities centre on research and development and may be seen as an advanced form of services involving specialised knowledge and technical skills.
• Quaternary activities involve the collection, production and dissemination of information.
• Like some of the tertiary functions, quaternary activities can also be outsourced. They are not tied to resources, affected by the environment or necessarily localised by markets.

Q2. Explain any three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world.
Ans: The three characteristics of periodical markets of rural areas in the world are as follows:

• Periodical markets in rural areas are found where there are no regular markets. Local periodical markets are organized at different intervals.
• These may be weekly; bi-weekly markets and people from the surrounding areas meet their demand.
• These markets are held on specific days and move from one place to another. The shopkeepers thus, remain busy on all the days while a large area is served by them.

Q3. What are the two factors affecting tourism in the world? Explain each factor with example.
Ans: The two factors affecting tourism in the world are:

Demand: It is the prime factor for tourism. For last few Centuries, the demand for recreational and entertainment related activities have increased significantly. The living of the people is being standardized and the nature of work is creating demand for tourism.

Transport: The second important factor that affects the tourism sector is transport. The development in transport sector increases the demand for tourism. The easy accessibility to tourist locations and places encourages people to move or visit there. The expansion of air and rail network in the last decade has influenced tourism in increasing the number of tourists. Apart from this, the improvement in infrastructure as tourist spots has also increased demand for tourism.

Q4. ‘Outsourcing has resulted in opening up a large number of job opportunities in several countries.’ Analyze the statement with three suitable examples.
Ans: Outsourcing has resulted in the opening up of a large number of call centers in India, China, Eastern Europe, Israel, Philippines and Costa Rica. It has created new jobs in these countries. Outsourcing is coming to those countries where cheap and skilled workers are available. These are also out-migrating countries. But with the work available in the form of outsourcing, the migration from these countries has come down.
This can be explained through these examples:

• The Knowledge Processing Outsourcing (KPO) industry includes research and development, e-learning, business research, etc.
• The Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry involves highly skilled workers. It is information driven knowledge outsourcing.
• Data processing is another IT related service that employs large number of people in Asian countries.

Q5. How does the climate of a region attract tourists? Explain with examples from different regions of the world.
Ans: The climatic conditions of any region decide the demand for tourism. The climate of a region attracts tourists in the following ways:

• People from colder places want to visit warm places as tourist. That’s why the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature, sunny days and less rainfall attract tourists from Europe.
• People from warmer regions love to visit colder places. That’s why tourists from Northern plains of India prefer to go to tourist places located in the Himalayan region or other hill stations.
• Climatic conditions of a region also provide some adventurous activities to do and attract tourists, e.g. ice skating and skiing in snowy regions, sea surfing on beaches, etc.

Q6. What is tourism? Analyze any four tourist attractions in the world.

OR

Define the term tourism. Explain any four factors which attract tourists in the world.

Ans: Tourism is travel which is done for the purpose of recreation rather than business. It is one of the largest sectors of tertiary activities in terms of providing employment. It also generates the largest revenue. The four factors which attract tourists in the world are as follows:

Climate: The climatic conditions of any region decide the demand for tourism. People from colder places want to visit warm places and vice versa. People from hilly terrain want to visit beaches and people living around sea-shore wish to visit hilly areas, e.g. the Mediterranean lands and Southern Europe, due to their considerable higher temperature during winters attract tourists from Europe.

Landscape: Attractive environment like mountains, lakes, spectacular sea coasts and landscapes not completely altered by man are important tourist destinations.

History and Art: The archaeological site attracts more people because of its rich past. The area with historical remains like castles, forts, battle fields, palaces, religious monuments, excavation sites are tourist attractions.

Culture and Economy: For experiencing ethnic and local customs, tourists like to visit a place. Besides, if a region provides the needs of tourists at a cheap cost, it is likely to become very popular.

Q8. What is medical tourism? Explain the scope of medical services for overseas patients in India.
Ans: When medical treatment is combined with international tourism activity, it leads itself to what is commonly known as medical tourism. The scope of medical tourism for overseas patients in India is as follows:

• In 2005, about 55,000 patients from USA visited India for treatment. In this way, India has emerged as the leading country of medical tourism in the world.
• It brings foreign currency to India.
• World class hospitals with latest technology are located in metropolitan cities of India. These hospitals cater to patients all over the world.
• This kind of tourism brings abundant benefits to developing countries like India. Therefore, medical tourism has wide scope in India.

Q9. ‘Services are very important aspect for economic development of a country.’ Analyze the statement by explaining five components of a service sector.

Ans: Service sector is very important for the development of economy in the world. It is related to all kinds of services like education, health, welfare, business services, etc in exchange of payments. This sector also provides employment to a large number of people.
The major components of services are:

• Business services like advertising, legal services, public relations and counseling.
• Finance, insurance and real estate includes banking services.
• Wholesale and retail trading with the producers and consumers.
• Transport and communication such as railway, roadway, shipping, airline services, etc.
• Entertainment and mass media such as television, radio, films, magazines and newspapers.

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