Chapter – 5

Fabric Around Us

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 11 Home Science Chapter 5 (Fabric Around Us) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 15 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 11
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	(Fabric Around Us)
Category	Class 11 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 5 Fabric Around Us

Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

Q1. What do you understand by fibre?

Ans. Fibres are very tiny and fine hair like structures, they are the basic building blocks of textiles from which a yarn is formed.

Q2. Define textile finishing.

Ans. Once ready, the fabric is processed several times to increase the quality of the textile and make it durable.This processing is called textile finishing.

Q3. What determines the properties of the fabric?

Ans. The properties of fibre determine the properties of the fabric.

Q4. What is the most essential property in a fibre?

Ans. The most essential property is its spinnability, i.e., a characteristic which is essential for ease of conversion into yarn and later into fabric.

Q5. What are natural fibres?

Ans. Natural fibres are those which are available to us in nature.

Q6. When was the first manmade fibre manufactured?

Ans. The first manmade fibre was manufactured in 1895.

Q7. Which fibre is called Artificial Silk?

Ans. Rayon is called Artificial Silk.

Q8. What is spinning?

Ans. Spinning is the act or process of converting staple or short lengths of fibre, as cotton or rayon, into continuous yarn or thread. Spinning is also the extrusion of a solution of fiber-forming substances through holes in a spinneret to form filaments.

Q9. What is the yarn number?

Ans. The fixed relationship between the weight of the fibre and the length of the yarn made from it is called the yarn number.

Q10. What do you understand Yarn twist, t.p.i. (twist per inch) ?

Ans. As fibres are transformed into yarn, twist is added to hold the fibres together and is indicated as t.p.i. (twist per inch) or Yarn twist.

Short Answer Questions (2Mark )

Q1. How did the word spinster originate?

Ans. Earlier young unmarried girls were commonly involved in spinning the finest yarn because of their very efficient fingers. The term ‘spinster’ for unmarried women originated in that context.

Q2. Classify textile fibres based on their origin.

Ans. Classification of textile fibres on the basis of their origin :

• Natural fibre
• Man-made / manufactured fibre

Q3. Differentiate between yarn and thread.

Ans. Yarn and thread : Yarn and thread are very similar. The term yarn is often used in the manufacture of fabrics. While thead is used to stitch clothing or apparel.

Q4. Name two types of fabrics which are be made directly from fibres.

Ans. There are mainly two types of fabrics made directly from fibres:

• Felts
• Non-wovens or Bonded fibre fabrics.

Q5. What is warp and complementary or weft yarn?

Ans. One set of yarns is fitted on the loom, which determines the length and width of the fabric to be woven. These are called WARP YARNS. The loom helps to maintain these yarns at a fixed tension and even space. The second yarn, which is the filling or the WEFT YARN.

Q6. What are the strongest and weakest fibres?

Ans.

• Strongest fibre – Polyester (Artificial Fibre)
• Weakest fibre – Silk (Natural Fibre)

Q7. What is the colour ? What do you understand by the Dyeing Process?

Ans. Substances that can add colour to the fabric in a manner that it does not easily wash out are known as dyes or colour. The method of dying depends on the chemical natures of the fibre and the dye, and the type of effect desired. Colour application can be done:

• at fibre stage – for yarns of different colours or designed felts.
• at yarn stage – for woven checks, stripes or other woven patterns.

The process used to offer this colour is called the dyeing process.

Q8. Mention any two properties of Cotton fibres.

Ans. Properties of Cotton Fibres :

• Cotton is a natural cellulosic, staple fibre.
• It is the shortest fibre with length varying from 1 cm to 5 cms.
• The yarn or the fabric made is dull in appearance and slightly rough to touch.
• It is heavier in weight than most of the other fibres.
• Cotton has good moisture absorbency and it also dries easily. Thus it is comfortable for summer use.
• It is available in fabrics of all types of weights, fineness, structures and finishes.

Q9. Mention any two properties of Rayon fibres.

Ans. Properties of Rayon fibres :

• Rayon is a manufactured fibre the size and shape can be controlled.
• It has uniform diameter and is clear and lustrous.
• Rayon being a cellulosic fibre has most properties like cotton. But it has a lower strength and durability.
• The main advantage of rayon and manufactured cellulosic fibres is that they can be reprocessed out of waste material and have an appearance like silk

Q10. Mention any two properties of Nylon fibres.

Ans. Properties of Nylon fibres :

• Nylon filaments are usually smooth and shiny, with uniform diameter.
• Nylon has very good strength and abrasion resistance. Its resistance to abrasion makes it appropriate to be used in brushes, carpets, etc.
• Nylon is a highly elastic fibre. Very fine and transparent fibres are used for ‘one-size’ garments like stockings.

Long Answer Questions (3 Mark)

Q1. Explain what is the significance of weaving in textile production ? Also explain warp, weft and shedding.

Ans.

• Weaving is the oldest form of textile art, which was originally used for making mats and baskets.
• A woven fabric consists of two sets of yarns which are interlaced at right angles to each other, to form a compact construction. It is done on machines called looms.
• One set of yarns is fitted on the loom, which determines the length and width of the fabric to be woven. These are called warp. The loom helps to maintain these yarns at a fixed tension and even space. The second yarn, which is the filling or the weft.
• The direction of the yarns in a woven fabric is referred to as grain.
• Warp yarns run along the length wise grain or selvedge. Filling yarns run along the width wise grain or weft.
• In weaving, the shed is the temporary separation between upper and lower warp yarns through which the weft is woven. The shed is created to make it easy to interlace the weft into the warp and thus create woven fabric.The term shedding refers to the action of creating a shed.

Q2. Mention the usefulness of woollen fibres in textiles.

Ans. Usefulness of woollen fibres in textiles :

• Woollen garments are conductors of heat. For this, they are worn in winter.
• They do not have creases.
• They do not need to be ironed or washed frequently.
• Special anti-shrinkage finish can be applied on woollen fabrics .
• Wool is also used as blends with cotton, rayon and polyester, which improves its care and maintenance properties.

Q3. Mention the usefulness of silk fibres in textiles.

Ans. Usefulness of silk fibres in textiles :

• Silk is a beautiful, attractive, gentle and expensive fibre, it is suitable for special occasions.
• Silk fabrics are used more in winters as silk is a good conductor of heat.
• Cutting and sewing of Silk is not easy thereby it is an expensive fabric. Its brightness and flexibility make the garments attractive.
• The colours on the silken fabrics are easily and accessed. These colours have a good shine and are very bright.
• Silk fabrics do not have creases, so they need not be ironed often.
• Silk fabrics are damaged by sweating, alkali soap, friction, etc., so it is not suitable for making household garments.
• These garments cannot be worn daily. These are generally dry cleaned.

Q4. Explain the importance of finishes in textiles.

Ans. All of the fabrics that are available in the market have received one or more finishing treatments, and except for whites, colour has been added to them in some form or the other.

Importance of Textile Finishing :-

• To make clothes attractive
• To increase the utility of textiles
• To have variation in textiles
• To make textiles more durable
• To be able to make similar clothing

Q5. What do you understand by knitting? Explain the usefulness of knitted cloth.

Ans. Knitting is the interlooping of atleast one set of yarns. It may be done by hand using a set of two needles for flat fabrics or a set of four needles for circular fabrics. Knitting may be done on machines. The process consists of making a series of loops along the knitting needle or machine bed. Each successive row is formed by interlooping with the first row of loops. The movement of the yarn is along the width of the material and therefore it is called filling or weft knitting. This method of knitting is used to produce articles which can be shaped while being constructed. At the industrial level, the knitting machines used are like the looms for weaving. They have a set of yarns (like warp yarns) fitted on the machine. The interlooping occurs with adjacent yarns. This is known as warp knitting. This can produce continuous lengths of material, which unlike the weft knitted fabric can be cut and stitched.

Usefulness of knitted cloth :-

• Knitted fabrics, because of the system of loops have more elasticity and thus are suitable for fitted articles like vests, underwear, socks, etc.
• They are porous and permit free circulation of air, are comfortable and allow freedom of movement and are therefore ideally suited for sportswear.

Long Answer Questions (4 Mark)

Q1. Explain the steps of converting fibre into yarn.

Ans. Steps to convert fibre into yarn :

(i) Cleaning : Natural fibres generally contain extraneous impurities depending upon their source, like seeds or leafy matter in cotton, twigs and dried impurities in wool. These are removed, fibres sorted out and converted into laps (rolled sheets of loose fibres).

(ii) Making into a sliver : Laps are unrolled and subjected to straightening processes which are carding and combing. Carding disentangles the fibres and lays them straight and parallel to one another. This process removes finer impurities and short fibres as well. The lap then passes through a funnel shaped device which helps to convert it into a sliver. Sliver is a rope-like mass of loose fibres, 2-4 cm in diameter.

(iii) Attenuating, drawing out and twisting : Now that the fibres have been converted into a continuous strand, it needs to be made to the size required. This is called attenuation.Several slivers are combined for uniformity.The slivers are gradually drawn out so that they become longer and finer. If a blended yarn is required (e.g., cotswol-cotton and wool) slivers from different fibres are combined at this stage. The resultant sliver is still of the same size as the original sliver. The sliver after drawing is taken to the roving machine where it is further attenuated till it becomes of its original diameter. It is given a slight twist to keep the fibres together. The next stage is spinning. Here the strand is given the final shape as the yarn. It is stretched to the required fineness and the desired amount of twist given to it and wound on cones

Q2. Differentiate between Nets and Laces.

Ans.

NETS

• Nets are open mesh fabrics with large geometric interstices between the yarns.
• These are made by interknotting of yarns by hands or machines.

LACES

• Lace is an openwork fabric consisting of a network of yarns formed into ntricate designs.
• It is a product of a combination of procedures including yarn twisting, interloping and knotting.

Long Answer Question (5 Mark)

Q1. Describe Rayon and Nylon fibres.

Ans. Both Rayon and Nylon are Man-made / Manufactured fibres.

RAYON

• Rayon is a man-made/ manufactured cellulosic fibre. Cellulosic because it is made from wood pulp and manufactured because this wood pulp is treated with chemicals and regenerated into fibres
• In the textile industry, Rayon is also known as viscose rayon or artificial silk, a good alternative to rayon silk.
• Rayon contains almost all the properties of natural fibers.
• Rayon can be mixed with all types of fibers to form mixed fibers.
• Rayon has a higher capacity to absorb moisture than cotton.
• Rayon has the ability to withstand less heat than cotton, so it should be ironed at low tempratures.
• Rayon is a manufactured fibre so the size and shape can be controlled.

NYLON

• Nylon was the first man-made artificial filament fibre made by a chemical method. Nylon is also known as Magic Fibre.
• Nylon filaments are usually smooth and shiny, with uniform diameter.
• Nylon has very good strength and abrasion resistance. Its resistance to abrasion makes it appropriate to be used in brushes, carpets, etc.
• Nylon is a highly elastic fibre. Very fine and transparent fibres are used for one-size’ garments like stockings.
• Nylon fibres are very strong and lightweight.
• The properties of absorbancy in nylon fibers is not same.
• Nylon filaments are conductors of heat, excess heat has a bad effect on the nylon fibres.
• Nylon is a popular fabric used in apparel, socks, undergarments, swimsuits, gloves, nets, sarees, etc. It is a leading fibre in the manufacture of hosiery and lingerie. For outerwear it may be blended with other fibres.

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