Chapter – 12

Nutrition, Health and Well-being

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 11 Home Science Chapter 12 (Nutrition, Health and Well-being) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 110 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 11
Subject	Home Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 12
Chapter Name	(Nutrition, Health and Well-being)
Category	Class 11 Home Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 12 Nutrition Health and Well-Being

Very Short Question Answers (1 Mark)

Q1. What is Weaning?

Ans. The process of giving supplementary food to infants is called ‘Weaning’.

Q2. How will you identify low birth weight babies?

Ans. If the weight of the baby is less than 2.5 kg at the time of birth, it will be considered as a ‘Low Weight Baby’.

Q3. What is immunization?

Ans. Immunization is the process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them against disease. Immunity (protection) by immunization is similar to the immunity a person would get from disease, but instead of getting the disease you get a vaccine. This is what makes vaccines such powerful medicine. Most vaccines are given by needle (injection) but some are given by mouth (orally) or sprayed into the nose (nasally). Immunization is also called vaccination.

Q4. Which disease is caused by deficiency of Iodine?

Ans. Goitre

Q5. Name six diseases from which immunization protects the Children?

Ans.

• Polio
• Diphtheria
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Pertussis
• Measles
• Tetanus

Q6. What do you understand by irregular hunger?

Ans. Sometimes the child eats one meal well while he refuses for another meal. This is a temporary mood known as irregular hunger.

Q7. Which is the best food for the baby?

Ans. Mother’s milk

Short Question Answers (2 Marks)

Q1. Give any two reasons for the change in the diet of the Children with special needs?

Ans.

• Children with special needs or unable children do not have control over their activities, due to which their diet needs to be changed. For example, spastic children have not control on the muscles of the hands to hold objects. For this reason, liquids are converted into solid.
• Many children are allergic to many foods, which can only be identified by their effects. Therefore, a change in their diet is required.

Q2. Prepare a vaccination table for an infant from birth to 1 year.

Ans.

National Immunization Programme (Recommended by ICMR)
Age	Vaccine
Immediate after birth	B.C.G. 1,
6 week	OPV 2, DPT 3, Hepatitis B
10 weeks	OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B
14 weeks	OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B
9 – 12 months	Measles

Q3. Provide the full form of B.C.G., O.P.V. and D.P.T.

Ans.

• C. G. – Bacille Calmette Guérin
• P.V. – Oral Polio Vaccine
• P.T. – Diphtheria Pertussis and Tetanus

Q4. Explain any two causes and two effects of Protein energy malnutrition?

Ans. Young children (mostly in 1 to 5 years) have the following diseases due to lack of protein and energy and effects are in the form of diseases.

• Kwashiorkar
• Marasmus

Q5. What are the three types of dietary supplements?

Ans. Supplements are mainly divided into three parts.

• Liquid Diet
• Semi Solid Diet
• Solid Diet

Q6. Give two reasons for the requirement of calcium and vitamin ‘A’ for Children?

Ans. There are two reasons for the need of Calcium and Vitamin ‘A’ in Children.

Reasons for the need for Calcium in children are –

• Calcium is essential for healthy growth of bones and teeth.
• Calcium is required for the growth and development of muscles of infants.

Reasons for the need for Vitamin A in children are –

• Vitamin A reduces the chances of infection and other diseases in children.
• Vitamin A is necessary for healthy skin and tissue development.

Short Question Answers (3 Marks)

Q1. Which three aspects must be considered while planning a balanced diet for pre-school children?

Ans. The following aspects should be kept in mind while preparing a diet plan for pre-school children –

• Diversify the composition, taste, smell and color of food so as to improve the child’s food experience.
• Balancing protein and essential fats.
• Remove the excessive use of fast foods and refined flour from diet.

Q2. Describe the healthy eating habits in children.

Ans. It is necessary to inculcate good dietary habits in children for good health: –

• Children should be given sensible food right from the beginning, so that good habits can be promoted in them like – TV. Do not allow children to eat popcorn, chocolate or other snacks while watching or reading, as this adversely affects their health.
• To motivate children to play physical games, this will help them to exercise. There will be less time left for viewing T.V. etc.
• They should be encouraged in other activities like painting, dance, music and sports etc. according to their interest.
• Children should not be forced to eat more food, by doing so either they develop interest in food or they get into the habit of overeating, and they gradually become obese.
• It is also necessary to inculcate good hygiene habits in children, so that food-related diseases are avoided, such as washing hands before and after meals, washing fruits before eating.

Q3. Prepare a vaccination table for pre-school children.

Ans.

Immunisation Program for preschool children
Age of child	Vaccine
15-18 months	MMR (for measles, mumps and rubella)
16 months – 2 years	DPT, OPV-booster doses
2 years	Typhoid Vaccine
5 years	DPT, OPV – Booster Dose
10 years and 16 years	Tetanus Toxoid (TT)
18, 24, 30, 36 months	Vitamin A (drops)

Q4. What are the nutritional problems of school going children?

Ans. Following are causes of the nutritional problems of school going children. Obesity-

• It may be due to wrong lifestyle, malnutrition or food misconceptions.
• Children become fat due to high fat food, excess salt, less fiber and sugar mixed drinks.
• This problem is more among the children of the higher socioeconomic classes of our society.
• Inactivity is the biggest cause of obesity.

Diabetes- Lack of insulin in the body, due to which the presence of sugar in the blood and sugar in the urine increases.

High blood pressure- Blood pressure is more than normal

Obesity- is the main cause of these problems and nowadays it is becoming a common problem among people.

Under Nutrition- When a child consistently receives less nutrients than the nutritional elements required by his body, he suffers from undernutrition.

• Under nourishment results in stunted growth and development of the child.

Long Question Answers (4 Marks)

Q1. What are the positive effects of the mid-day meal scheme?

Ans. The Mid Day Meal Scheme has the following positive effects –

• Helping children to concentrate on studies
• School children get supplementary nutrition
• Healthy development of school children
• Mid-day meals are helpful in spreading egalitarian values, as children from different social backgrounds sit and eat together, and eat together.
• Eliminates the barriers of absenteeism of children.
• Helpful in cognitive, emotional and social development

Q2. Your friend Radha’s eyes and nails are mostly yellow and she gets tired quickly and does not concentrate on her studies. Identify the above symptoms and tell the name of the disease and how to cure it.

Ans. These symptoms are visible due to anaemia which is caused due to lack of iron in the body, when the rate of destruction of red blood particles or cells in the blood of the body exceeds than rate of their formation. The following measures can be taken to prevent anemia disease-

• Iron-rich foods should be consumed, such as radish, carrots, turnips, sprouted pulses, grains, green-leafy vegetables etc.
• Avoid the consumption of tea after meals, because tea destroys the essential nutrients from the food.
• Pregnant women and adolescent girls should regularly take iron and folic acid tablets for 100 days daily after dinner.
• Folic acid is needed to make healthy red blood particles in the body. If there is a deficiency of folic acid then intake of folic acid rich food like peanuts, eggs, mushrooms, peas and beans, bran.

Q3. Your brother’s 10-year-old’s eating habits constantly change, how will you identify which factors may be responsible for influencing his eating habits?

Ans.

• Family environment – Family environment and family is an important factor that affects children’s food habits and his/her likes and dislikes. Therefore it is very important for parents to have knowledge related to nutrition.
• Media – Food is so attractively promoted by various media, that it affects children’s liking. But many of these substances do not meet nutritional requirements. They feel hungry even after eating them.
• Friends- When the child comes in contact with other children, his/ her food preferences also change. Children like to eat the food which is liked and eaten by their friends.
• Social and cultural impact- In every family, children of this age group are also given the same food that is given to the elder member of the family. Eating with the family creates interest in children towards their food patterns. For example, children living in the northern regions of India particularly like South Indian cuisine such as idlidosa etc.

Q4. Confirm the statement “Mother’s milk is the best food for an infant”.

Ans. “Mother’s milk is the best food for an infant” This statement can be confirmed by the following points –

• Provides all the necessary nutrients to infants.
• It is the most simple and convenient diet for infants.
• Due to the presence of immunity in mother’s milk, it provides natural immunity to infants.
• It is free from all types of allergies / adulteration / infection.
• It protects the mother from breast and ovary cancer and protects the bones from weakening.
• It strengthens the emotional relationship between mother and infants.
• Mother’s milk is more digestible for infants .

Q5. What are the reasons for the change in the structure of diet for the children with special needs.

Ans. The following are the reasons for the change in the diet of the children with special needs –

• For children with special needs, thinner liquids can be thickened, and dried or delaminated food can be cut into pieces or made soft, so that it can be easily swallowed by the child.
• Tube feeding can also be used if required.
• Some infirm children have a tendency to become obese, which creates difficulty in eating.
• In children with autism, the senses of taste and smell are changed because of this and the structure of food need to be changed according to their comfortability.
• Spastic children, (who cannot hold food properly) may find complex structure food unpleasant, thus requiring a change in their food.

Q6. Give five examples of low-cost snacks for pre-school children.

Ans. Some examples of low cost snacks for pre-school children:-

• Nutrients can be increased by preparing idli, dhokla, roti etc. by the method of fermentation. Which is helpful in providing nutrients through dietary change without spending money.
• Nutrients can also be increased by mixing different pulses and grains together.
• Grind equal quantity of soybean and sunflower seeds.
• Snacks and other food items can be prepared from peanuts, jaggery, rice flour, peas and gram dal etc.
• The use of cheap foods by maize and millet flour and seasonal and local fruits and vegetables can provide appropriate nutrients to children.

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