Chapter – 6

The Crisis of Democratic Order

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Political Science Chapter 6 (The Crisis of Democratic Order) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Political Science
Chapter no.	Chapter 6
Chapter Name	(The Crisis of Democratic Order)
Category	Class 12 Political Science Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

One Marker Questions

Q1. Who advocated “Chuburja Rajneeti” in politics.

• Jai Prakash Narayan
• Deen Dayal Upadhaya
• Ram Manohar Lohia
• Yogendra Yadav

Ans. c) Ram Manohar Lohia

Q2. Fill in the blanks

First domocratic upsurge started from___________.            

Ans. 1990s

Q3. Correct the following sentence-

“Integral Humanism” was advocated by Jai Prakash Narayan.

Ans. Deen Dayal Upadhayay

Q4. Which of the following upsurges is based upon the concept of Survival of the ablest-

• First
• Second
• Third

Ans. c) Third

Q5. First time National Emergency was imposed in India on 25th June 1975.

Ans. (X) Wrong

Q6. What do you understand by National Emergency?

Ans. Meaning of Emergency- A period of governance that can be proclaimed by the President of India during certain crisis situations under the advice of the cabinet of ministers is known as Emergency. Basically its purpose is to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country along with the democrat’ political system and the Constitution. Provisions of Emergency are mentioned in the (PART XVIII) Article 352-360 of the Indian Constitution.

Q7. What was the main objective of socialism propounded by Ram Manohar Lohia.

Ans. The economic objective in form of food and housing and the non-economic object in form of democracy and freedom.

Two Marker Questions

Q1. Match the following

           ‘A’                                                                                          ‘B’

i). Decralation of Emergency                               a)         Jai Prakash Narayan

ii). Save Democracy                                                b)        Charu Majumdar

iii). C.P.I (ML)                                                         c)         Janta Party

iv). Establishment of true democracy                 d)        Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad

Ans. i) d, ii) c, iii) b, iv) a

Q2. What do you know about the second democratic upsurge?

Ans. Increasing participation of the people in the democratic politics of the country is broadly characterised as democratic upsurge. Based on this principle, social scientists have characterized three democratic upsurges in post-independence history of India.

Q3. Mention any two function of the ‘Naxalite Movement’.

Ans.

• Snatch the land from rich and distribute to poor.
• Use voilent means to achieve political aim.

Q4. Name two organisations which were banned during emergency.

Ans. RSS and Jamate-e-lslami.

Q5. What is objective of “Integral Humanism”.

Ans. To ensure dignified life for every human being while balancing the needs of the individual and society. It supported sustainable consumption of natural resources so that those resources can be replenished.

Four Marker Questions

Q1. Explain about three pillars of “Integral Humanism”

Ans.

• Primacy of whole not part.
• Superemacy of Dharm.
• Autonomy of society.

Q2. Mention salient features of third democratic upsurge.

Ans.

• It started since 1990s in the era of LPG
• It repersents competitive electoral market.
• It gives preference to the “survival of the ablest”
• It marks three shifts in India’s electoral market –
  • From state to market
  • From Government to Goverance.
  • From state as controller to State as a facilitator.

Q3. What do you know about four pillars of “Chouburja Rajneeti”

Ans. ‘Chauburja Rajneeti’ opines four pillars of politics as weel as socialism:Centre, Region, District and village – all are linked with each other. Giving consideration to affirmative action, Lohia argued that the policy of affirmative action should not only be for the downtrodden but also for the womens the non-religious minorities .

Q4. How did National Emergency strengthened India’s democratic System.

Ans.

• Leaders of opposition formed Janta Party
• Opposition can criticized now.
• Constitution was amended.
• During election of 1977, Congress party was defeated.

Q5. Give main reasons behind imposition of internal emergency of 1975.

Ans.

• Economic Crisis
• Public Discontent- (Gujarat movement, Bihar movement)
• Naxalites Movement),
• Employees’ Discontent
• Railway Strike of 1974
• Conflicts with judiciary
• Immediate Cause -(5th General Election & Indira Gandhi)
  • On 12 June 1975, Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha passed a judgment declaring Indira Gandhi’s election to the Lok Sabha invalid.
  • She could not remain the PM unless and she had to once again elected as an MP in Lok Sabha within 6 months.
  • On 24 June 1975, the Supreme Court granted her a partial stay on the High Court’s Order but she could not take part in the proceedings of the Lok Sabha.

Therefore, at midnight of 25 June 1975 National Emergency was imposed on the basis of Internal Disturbance as mentioned in Article 352

Five Marker Question

Q1. Study the cartoon given carefully and answer the following questions

1. Who is the person holding the ” save democracy” board ? Write his name.

Ans. Jai Prakash Narayan

2. In the opinion of the group of five person (shown in the cartoon)What is the intention of the person sitting on the Dharna ?

Ans. Person sitting on Dharna wants to bring change in government by removing Indira government.

3. Which issues are highlighted in the cartoon responsible for the fall of democracy?

Ans. Issues like violence, corruption and lawlessness are responsible for the fall of deemocracy.

Six Marker Questions

Q1. Describe how the emergency caused democratic crisis inside the nation.

Ans. Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid.

• On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution.
• Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances.
• The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor welfare programmes.
• The President Fakhruddin Adi Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian Politics

Q2. Explain the main reasons for the Congress Party achieving a grand success in the 1971 Lok Sabha elections under the leadership of Indira Gandhi.

Ans. Slogan of poverty eradication (Garibi Hatao)

• Policies of Indira Gandhi
• Charismatic personality of Indira Gandhi.
• Weak opposition.
• Lack of stable government in states after election of 1967.

Q3. Describe Total Revolution of Jai Prakash Narayan.

Ans. Jaya Prakash Narayan is known for three key contributions: Fight against Corruption, Principle of Communitarian Socialism and Championing of ‘Total Revolution’.

• Jaya Prakash Narayan was the first leader in post-independence India who undertook a tirade against corruption through the participation of youth, particularly in Gujarat and Bihar. He advocated the office of Lokpal against corruption. His principle of Communitarian Socialism views India as a society of communities encompassing three key layers, viz., community, region and rashtra — all combining together as an example of true federation.
• Based on the above principles, Jaya Prakash Narayan advocated transformation of individual, society and state through his call for ‘Total Revolution’. His call for total revolution sought to cultural, encompass moral, economic, political, educational and ecological transformations. His political transformation included the right to recall, the importance of village/mohalla samities in democratic politics, and his call for ‘Upper Ke Log’ to join the political struggle for a clean politics in the country.
• The essence for transformation according to Jaya Prakash Narayan revolves around ‘Man’who could be the real catalyst of change in India.

Q4. Describe any three lesson of Emergency.

Ans.

• Democracy was strengthened
• Many amendements in Constitution were done by 44th amendment 1978.
• Rise of opposition and other parties.
• Awarences among citizens increased

Q5. What do you understand by Democratic Upsurge?Describe about various Upsurge in indian politics.

Ans.

• The ‘First Democratic Upsurge’ could be attributed from the 1950s till 1970s which was baseed on the participation of Indian adult voters to the democratic politics both at the centre and in states. Falsifying the western myth that the success of democracy requires modernization, urbanization, education and access to media, the successful holding of elections to both Lok Sabha and legislative assemblies all across states on the principle or parliamentary democracy were the testimony of India’s first democratic upsurge.
• During the 1980’s, the increasing, political participation of the lower classes of the society such as SCs, STs and OBCs has been interpreted as ‘Second Democratic Upsurges’ by Yogendra Yadav. This participation has made Indian politics more accommodative accessible for these classes. Although this upsurge has not made any major change in the standard of living of these classes, especially Dalits, the participation of these classes into the organizational and political platforms gave them the opportunity to strengthen their self- respect and ensure empowerment in the democratic politics of the country.
• The era of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization from the early 1990s is attributed to the emergence of a competitive market society encompassing all important sectors of economy, society and polity thus paving way for the ‘Third Democratic Upsurge’. The Third Democratic Upsurge represents a competitive electoral market which is based not on the principle of survival of the best but rather the survival of the ablest. It underlines three shifts in India’s electoral market: front State to Market, from Government to Governance, from State as Controller to State as Facilitator. Moreover, the Third Democratic Upsurge seeks to promote the participation of the youth who constitute a significant chunk of Indian society and have emerged as the real game changers in view of their increasing electoral preference for both development and governance in India’s contemporary democratic politics.

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