Chapter – 9

Environment And Sustainable Development

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Economics Chapter 9 (Environment And Sustainable Development) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Economics
Chapter no.	Chapter 9
Chapter Name	(Environment And Sustainable Development)
Category	Class 12 Economics Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter 9 Environment And Sustainable Development

Q.1 What do you understand by the term environment?

Ans: Environment is the sum total of surroundings and the totality of resources that affect the existence and quality of human life.

Q.2 What does environment include?

Ans: Environment includes all the biotic and abiotic factors (that influence each other).

Q3. What do you mean by biotic elements?

Ans: All living elements like plants, forests, animals, birds, fisheries, etc. are biotic elements.

Q4. What are abiotic elements of environment?

Ans: Abiotic or physical elements of environment include land, water, climate, mountains, minerals and all other resources which nature has provided to us as a free gift.

Q5. What are the renewable resources?

Ans: Renewable resources are those resources which can be used without the possibility of being exhausted, such as sunlight, tree, fishes, etc.

Q6. What do you mean by non-renewable resources?

Ans: Non-renewable resources refer to those resources which get exhausted with extraction and use such as coal, gas, etc.

Q7. Define pollution.

Ans: Pollution refers to those activities of production and consumption which challenge the purity of air and water and thereby pollute the environment.

Q8. What do you mean by deforestation?

Ans: Deforestation occurs when trees are fell to meet the growing demand for wood and other forest products.

Q9. What is social forestry?

Ans: Social forestry refers to the protection of the forests through by collective efforts of the people of an area.

Q10. What do you mean by the carrying capacity of environment?

Ans: Carrying capacity of environment implies that the resource extraction is not above the rate of regeneration of the resources and the waste generated are within the assimilatingcapacity(absorption capacity) of the environment.

Q11. What is global warming?

Ans: Global warming refers to a gradual but consistent rise is in atmospheric temperature.

Q12. What is ozone depletion?

Ans: This refers to ozone (a protective layer) in the atmosphere. This occurs owing to the excessive use of cooling substances in air conditioners and refrigerators.

Q13. What is economic growth?

Ans: Economic growth refers to long term increase in real per capita income.

Q14. What is economic development?

Ans: Economic development refers to long-term increase in real per capita income along with equitable distribution of income and wealth.

Q15. What is sustainable development?

Ans: Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present generation without impairing/ reducing the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.

Q16. How is environment important to us?

Ans: Environment is important to us due to the following reason

• Environment offers resources for production.
• Environment sustains life.
• Environment assimilates waste.
• Environment enhances quality of life.

Q17. State different types of environmental pollution.

Ans: Environmental pollution has three forms:

• Air pollution: Air carries oxygen which is an essential element of life. It is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases in the environment beyond its absorption capacity. Pollution of air implies that quality of life is impaired.
• Water Pollution: It refers to the contamination of fresh water and its sources. It causes various diseases like diarrhoea, hepatitis, etc.
• Noise Pollution: Mechanisation has led the noise pollution. Noise pollution has recorded exponential growth, millions of vehicles fitted with loud horns and noise generating engines are plying on the roads.

Q18 What are the causes of land degradation in India?

Ans: The causes of land degradation in Indian is as under:

• Soil erosion caused by strong winds or floods or deforestation.
• Alkalinity and salinity of soil caused by water logging.
• Excessive water logged on the top soil. It tends to suck up the nutrients of the soil and reduces its fertility.

Q19. State three principal factors contributing to Air and Noise pollution in India.

Ans:

Air pollution:

• Smoke emitted by the industries, particularly those using coal as an energy.
• Poiseness gases emitted by the industries in the prosses of chemical treatment of the materials.
• Emission of gases by the motor vehicles which has risen to the threatening level.

Noise Pollution:

• Noise produced by engines of various means of transport on the surface as well as in the air.
• Noise produced by the industrial machines.
• Noise produced by the household appliances like mixer-grinders, water boosters and washing machines, etc.

Q20. State three factors contributing to deforestation in India.

Ans: Following are the principal factors contributing to deforestation in India:

• Growing industrial demand for wood and other forest products.
• Growing demand for wood owing to explosive rise in population.
• River valley projects.
• Rapid urbanization.

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