Chapter – 12

Doping

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 11 Physical Education Chapter 12 (Doping) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 11 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 11
Subject	Physical Education
Chapter no.	Chapter 12
Chapter Name	(Doping)
Category	Class 11 Physical Education Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Short Answer Questions (1 Mark each)

Q.1 What do you mean by doping?
Ans. Doping means the use of banned substances like drugs and steroids by a sports person to improve his performance.

Q.2 How many types of doping are there?
Ans. There are three types of doping:-

• use of drugs
• Blood doping
• Gene doping

Q.3 What is out-of-competition testing?
Ans. This is the testing when the athlete is not taking part in a competition.

Q.4 What do you mean by narcotics?
Ans. Narcotics are drugs like morphine and heroin which are used by athletes to reduce pain and anxiety to improve sports performance.

Short Answer Question (3 Marks)

Q.1 Make a list of performance-enhancing substances and describe any two.
Ans.

1. Stimulants:- The athlete uses cocaine, amphetamines, Modafinil, etc. as a tablet, injection, or spray to improve his level and performance in sports. It reduces the reaction time and the rate of fatigue of the athlete.

2. Anabolic steroids:- The athlete uses these substances to improve the strength and growth of the muscles. These are taken orally or by injection to enhance their performance in sports.

Q.2 Explain the blood doping
Ans. It is the process of increasing the red blood cells by blood transfusion. Blood doping increases hemoglobin levels due to which a higher amount of oxygen (O2) is supplied to the athlete’s muscles, which further leads to strengthening and growth of muscles blood doping improves stamina and performance, especially it is done long-distance running. Cyclists and boxers etc.

Q.3 How do Beta-Blockers affect sports performance?
Ans. Effects of Beta- Blockers on sports performance are as follows.

• Reduction in Blood pressure and heart rate
• Reduce shaking of hands.
• It reduces the level of anxiety
• It improves concentration
  The use of Beta- Blockers is prohibited in sports like archery, shooting, golf, etc.

Q.4 What is the main objective of the international body WADA?
Ans. The main objective of WADA is to eliminate doping from all kinds of sports competitions.

Q.5 Give any two responsibilities of an athlete to control doping.
Ans.

• To be knowledgeable of and comply with all applicable anti-doping policies and rules
• To be available for sample collection at all times.
• To remain in direct observation of the doping control officer until the sample is sealed
• To co-operate with athletes during the doping test programs.
• The athlete must show proof of identification whenever needed.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

Q.1 Explain in detail the side effects of the use of banned or prohibited substances in sports.
Ans. The athletes use different types of banned substances to 

1. Stimulants –

• Cause insomnia, anxiety, and aggressiveness
• Poor Judgement
• Increases hypertension and body temperature

2. Anabolic steroid

• Can cause Sudden heart attack
• High blood pressure
• Mood swings, aggression/depression
• Can cause impotency and baldness in males
• Can cause facial hair growth and deep voice in females

3. Cannabinoids :-

• Reduce concentration and co-ordination
• Reduce lung capacity
• May cause heart disease and lung cancer
• Loss of memory

4. Beta Blockers:-

• Reduces endurance
• Headache and weak digestion.
• Risk of heart attack due to slow heart rate.

5. Narcotics:-

• Loss of balance and coordination
• May cause drowsiness, vomiting, constipation
• May cause fainting and coma

6. Diuretics:-

• Can cause dehydration
• May lead to kidney damage
• Mineral imbalance and low blood pressure and drowsiness

7. Beta-2 Agonists

• Cold hands, drowsiness
• Headache, vomiting, etc.
• May cause insomnia and depression.

Q.2 What are the side effects of prohibited substances?
Ans.

• Increased heart rate and Blood pressure
• Sexual dysfunction
• Features like male in females
• Physical and mental weakness
• Complications like stroke, cardiac problems, and even death
• Breast enlargement in males
• Premature baldness
• Enlargement of the prostate gland
• Irregularity in menstruation
• The problem of depression & aggression

Q.3 What are the physical methods of doping? Define methods prohibited in sports. 

Ans.

Physical Method of Doping

1. Blood Doping: Blood doping is a method to increase the count of red blood cells, which is done by the use of the wrong banned substances. There are two methods under this.

• Autologous blood doping:- Two units of blood are taken some weeks prior to competition. Then the blood is frozen until one or two days before the competition when it is injected into the athlete. This is called autologous blood doping.
• Homologous blood doping:- The injection of fresh blood, taken from a second person, straight into the athlete is called homologous blood doping. This improves the oxygen-carrying capacity of the muscles by increasing the count of red blood cells (RBC) so the muscle endurance is increased which improves the aerobic capacity and sports performance.

2. Gene Doping:- Gene doping is the manipulation of cells or genes to enhance the body’s sports performance. It can be used to improve the work function of normal healthy cells. Gene therapy plays an important role in the growth and development of muscles and bones. It also speeds up the person to repair the injured muscle tendons and ligaments.

3. Chemical and Physical Manipulation:- Any tampering with the samples during doping control during or after any competition is prohibited.

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