Chapter – 10

Psychology & Sports

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 11 Physical Education Chapter 10 (Psychology & Sports) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 11 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 11
Subject	Physical Education
Chapter no.	Chapter 10
Chapter Name	(Psychology & Sports)
Category	Class 11 Physical Education Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Very Short Answer Type Questions 1 Marks

Q.1 Give a definition of Psychology.
Ans. Psychology is the science of human behavior.

Q.2 What do you understand by the term Sports Psychology
Ans. Sports psychology is the application of psychological principles to sports and physical activity at all levels of skill improvement.

Q.3 Define the term Growth and development.
Ans. Growth – The term growth in physical education means the growth of the parts of the body, maybe in size, height, and weight Development can be defined as progressive series of changes in an orderly coherent pattern.

Q.4 DefineAdolescence?
Ans. Adolescence is the period of great stress and strain, storm and strife or Adolescence is the period of change from childhood to adulthood.

Q.5 Which type of physical activity can be played in early childhood?
Ans. Play activities in the age group should not be strenuous because physical capacities develop slowly. The fundamentals of various games and sports which are simple should be introduced.

Q.6 Which type of physical activity can be played during adolescence?
Ans. In this age group team sports, individual sports, athletics, gymnastics, swimming and floor dancing, etc. can be played.

Q.7 What do understand by learning?
Ans. Learning in the broadest sense is the organization of behavior according to the performance demands of some task.

Q.8 Mention two laws of learning
Ans.

• Primary laws of learning
• Secondary laws of learning

Q.9 Define Transfer of learning.
Ans. Transfer of learning occurs when a person’s learning in one Situation influences his learning and performance in other situations.

Q.10 What is the positive transfer of learning?
Ans. When there is an improvement in performance as a result of previous learning or training.

Q.11 What is the negative transfer of learning?
Ans. When learning one skill makes the learning of the second skill more difficult.

Q.12 Write a note on Infancy.
Ans. During this stage of the body, the growth and development occur in progressive manner individual gains considerable weight and height. Cognitive development starts.

Q.13 Enlist the problems of adolescence.
Ans.

• Aggressive and violent behaviour
• Physical problem Lack of concentration
• Attraction toward the opposite sex

ShortAnswer Type Questions 3 Marks

Q.1 Mention the importance of sports psychology.
Ans.

• Improve performances – The Knowledge of sports psychology helps to improve the performance and personality of players through scientific ways of modifying behavior.
• Motivation and feedback – proper motivation and proper feedback enhance the performance of players. It gives counseling to players. This can be guided by sports psychology.
• Better selection – The knowledge of sports psychology guides the coaches for better selection of players.

Q.2 Explain the law of exercise.
Ans. Law of exercise – Repetition of experiences increases the probability of a correct response but it will not enhance learning without a satisfying the effect following the response. This law is also known as the law of use and disuse. Practice makes the learning bond stronger thus more we practice or use the better is learning.

Q.3 Enlist the secondary laws of learning and explain any one law.

Ans. Secondary law of learning

• Law of Continuity
• Law of Similarity
• Law of belongingness
• Law of Attitude
• Law of Primacy

Law of belongingness
If the mutual relationship between stimulus and response is natural then learning is more effective for example running, jumping, and throwing are natural activities therefore these activities are easy to learn. Along with this, these activities can be learned quickly. The activities which are artificial or unnatural are difficult to learn such as running backward while using hands and legs properly is difficult.

Q.4 Describe any two developmental characteristics of adolescence
Ans.

Physical characteristics

• The gain in height, weight, and ossification of bones is almost complete
• Endurance is developed to a great extent
• The coordination of muscles reaches its peak.

Mental characteristics

People of this age begin to think and feel differently. Hormonal changes reflect in behavior and mood. Teenagers become short-tempered, moody, and irritable. They also become very self-conscious and extra sensitive.

Q.5 Highlight the differences between growth and development

Ans.

Growth

• Growth is used in purely physical terms. It generally refers to changes in size, length, and weight of an individual.
• Growth is one of the aspects of the development process
• Growth does not continue

Development

• Development implies changes in shape, form, or structure resulting in  improved functioning or
  working.
• Development is a wider  and more comprehensive term; it  refers to overall changes in the individual
• Development is a continuous process

Q6. Describe the development characteristics during early childhood.
Ans. Physical characteristics

• It is a period of slow but steady growth in height. Bones are soft.
• Weight increase in stready
• Pulse rate is higher than adults
• The heart size is smaller in comparison to the body
• Strength is not well developed Mental Characteristics

Q.7 Give the ways to overcome Plateau.
Ans.

• Develop interest: Develop interest and bring recreation to training. This gives enjoyment and pleasure to performing the activity.
• Reduce competition: Too much competition should be avoided and equal levels should be considered for the competition.
• Proper rest and recovery: Proper rest and recovery should be taken to overcome a plateau. Care should be taken that it should not be too long.

Q.8 Explain the concept of emotions.
Ans. Emotions are consistent responses to internal or external events, which have particular significance for organisms. This response may be a verbal, physiological, behavioral, and natural mechanism, Emotions may be positive or negative like joy versus sadness, anger versus fear, trust versus distrust, surprise versus anticipation.

Value-Based Questions

Q.9 Prateek was a football player but has now lost interest in the game. He has also shed a considerable amount of weight and has also completely withdrawn from his family and friend.

1) Which disorder is Prateek suffering from?
Ans. He is suffering from Depression.

2) Mention any two symptoms of this disorder ?
Ans.

• Change in sleeping pattern
• Tiredness
• Negative Thoughts.

3) How to overcome this problem?
Ans.

• Indulge himself in creative activities.
• discuss his feelings with his parent teachers and friends.

Long Answer Type Questions 5 Marks

Q.1 Explain any four problems of adolescents
Ans.

(1) Aggressive and Violent Behaviour: Adolescent has aggressive behavior and often becomes violent very fast. They easily become, irritated and repulsive when work is not of their interest.

(2) Problems related to physiological growth. The physiological changes associated with adolescence present conditions and problems that the adolescent has not met up to this time and in many cases is ill-prepared to meet them when they appear.

(3) Confusion between adolescent’s role and status unfortunately neither the adolescent’s role nor his status is clear cut in society. A boy may be treated like a man in many situations outside but like a child in his own home.

(4) Problems related to the future: Adolescence is a period when the individual is not a child, he has emerged from the safe and protected life of childhood. He has now to decide what course of life he has to follow.

Q.2 Discuss the factors affecting the transfer of learning.
Ans. They are some of the factors which affect the transfer of learning they are:

• Learner’s Will: If the learner has a strong will, he will be able to transfer his learning more to new situations.
• Learner’s Intelligence: Learner’s Intelligence plays a vital role in the transfer of learning. It has been observed that the shutouts who have more intelligence are better in the transfer of learning in comparison to those who have normal intelligence
• Depth of original ‘understanding: If a student has enough depth of original understanding of a skill, he becomes more capable of learning new skills.
• Learner’s Personal Achievement: The learner’s personal achievement in the field of education has a positive effect on the transfer of learning.
• Training in transfer – If a student has imparted training in transfer he becomes capable of learning new skills very easily. If he is not provided such training it will be very difficult for him to learn the skills.

Q3. What is  Plateau? Mention its causes.
Ans. The general trend of rapid beginning continues for some time after it slows down and reaches a level where no further improvement occurs. The learning curve travels in almost a horizontal plane. These horizontal stretches indicative of no apparent progress are called plateaus.

Causes of Plateau

• Boredom – Some routine work often brings boredom, it is one of the causes of boredom
• Lack of Practice – Lack of practice often causes plateau and stagnated performance
• Dirty environment – Poor, dirty, and unsafe environments may plateau.
• Lack of Motivation – Lack of Motivation and less feedback often causes a long learning plateau.

Q.4 Define learning and state the primary law of learning.
Ans.

• Learning may be defined as the process by which behavior originates or is altered through training or experience.
• It is regarded as a modification of both behavior and the way of perceiving.

The primary laws of learning are as follows-

• Law of effect – a satisfying effect following the response strengthens the connection between the stimulus and behavior.
• Law of exercise – repetition of experience increases the probability of a correct response but it will not enhance learning without a satisfying effect following the response.
• Law of readiness – The execution of an action in response to a strong impulse is satisfying but the blocking of action or force is annoying.

Q5. Explain emotion. How can we control emotion?
Ans.

• Emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. They are subjective, conscious experiences characterized by expressions, biological reactions, and medical status.
• It is a complete physiological state that involves three distinct components
  • (a) a subjective experience
  • (b) a physiological response
  • (c) a behavioral or expressive response

Methods of controlling emotions:-

1. Stop and evaluate – One of the best tilings you can do is mentally stop yourself and look at the situation. Then think about the positive aspects of your current situation.

2. Physical activity – It changes the mood by taking in distractions, thus performing physical activity.

3. Take proper food: The amount of salt may be reduced if I food Quantity of potassium may be controlled which is responsible for systolic and diastolic pressure reduction in blood. We should include pear, tomato, banana, orange, and nuts in our food.

4. Avoid tension: Tension increases high BP. So we should remain tension free in difficult situations and also participate in games and entertainment activities to reduce high BP.

5. Exercise regularly and participate in games and sports: Regular exercise help, in the reduction of high blood pressure. Average types of exercise done vigorously for a longer period of time are very effective in reducing high BP. In the beginning, exercise may be done at a slow pace, then the pace may be increased slowly.

Q.6 Discuss methods adopted for the management of adolescent problems in detail:
Ans. Management of Adolescent problems

1. Sympathetic and liberal attitude of parents: A sympathetic and liberal attitude of parents and their cooperative nature can help in solving many problems of adolescents, Parents should take note of the change that takes place during place during growth and development of children and adjust their own behavior towards the adolescents. The liberal and sympathetic attitude of parents develops self-confidence.

2. Healthy atmosphere at home and school: Unhealthy atmosphere at home or in school or carelessness towards children can force children to fall into bad company. In order to save children from bad habits and company, it is important to provide sufficient means for the satisfaction of their interests at home or school. Activities like music arts or sports can help in keeping the children busy and indulge in healthy recreation.

3. Moral and Religious Education: Religious and moral education can help adolescents get some peace of mind and direction in their lives. Moral education should be a part of school education while the home is the best institution for religious education.

4. Friendly attitude: At this stage, adolescents want to accept friendly attitudes. So parents and teachers should act more as friends rather than strict, disciplined, and rigid parents. Moreover, this friendly attitude will bring them to close instead of making gaps between them.

5. Readable Independence: They should be given a reasonable amount of independence. They should be given the freedom to express themselves and their point of view should be discussed in a reasonable manner. They should also be given the freedom to go out reasonably while keeping their safety in mind.

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