Chapter – 4

Human Development

In this post, we have given the Important Questions of Class 12 Geography Chapter 4 (Human Development) in English. These Important Questions are useful for the students who are going to appear in class 12 board exams.

Board	CBSE Board, UP Board, JAC Board, Bihar Board, HBSE Board, UBSE Board, PSEB Board, RBSE Board
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 12
Subject	Geography
Chapter no.	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	(Human Development)
Category	Class 12 Geography Important Questions in English
Medium	English

Chapter – 4, (Human Development)

1 Mark Questions

Q1 Who spelt out the quality of life and freedom of opportunities?

A) Amartya Sen

B) Mahboob-ul-Haq

C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

D) Raghuram Rajan

Q2 Who created HDI?

A) Amartya Sen

B) Mahboob-ul-Haq

C) Adam Smith

D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Q3 Which one of the following describes development?

A) An increase in size

B) A constant in size

C) A positive change in size

D) A simple change in the quality

Q4 Which of these are always value positive?

A) Growth

B) Development

C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

D) None

Q5 Development occurs when there is –

A) Positive change in quality

B) Neutral change in quality

C) No change in quantity

D) Positive change in quantity

Q6 When was the first Human development report published?

A) 1990

B) 1991

C) 1992

D) 1993

Q7 HDI ranks countries on the basis of:

A) Health

B) Education

C) Resource

D) All of the above

3 Marks Questions

Q1 Define the concept of human development.

Ans. Human development is defined as the type of development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their life. It is all about progressive democratization and how people are having choices to maximise their potential so as to lead a decent life.

Q2 Difference between ‘Growth and Development’ with an example.

Ans. Growth refers to quantitative changes. Its value can be neutral, positive or negative. Development refers to qualitative changes and its value is always positive. This is because development cannot take place unless there is an increase or a rise in existing condition thus leading to positive change.

For e.g. increasing the population of a city is growth but basic necessities like food, housing, education and sanitation refers to development.

Q3 Explain the key area of human development.

Ans. The key area of human development are health housing and access to resource. They are explained as follows:

• Health Indicator I of health is measured through life expectancy at birth that show if people have longer and healthier life.
• Education Indicator level of education is seen through gross enrollment ratio and adult literacy rate that represents access to knowledge.
• Access to resource the indicator of access to resources is purchasing power in term of US dollars.

5 Marks Questions

Q1 What is Human Development? Explain the four pillars of Human Development.

Ans. Human development is defined as the type of development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their life. Human development has four concepts such as equity, sustainability, productivity and empowerment. These concepts are based on human development and are called pillars of human development such as Equity Which means the availability of equal opportunities to an individual. The available opportunities have equal access without any discrimination on grounds of gender, race, income and cast. A quality life is possible if access to resources is provided on the basis of being a human. Sustainability refers to continuity in the availability of opportunities. Human development is possible when opportunities are available to the present and future of a country. It must ensure that equal access to resources should be available to the next generation. Productivity-it refers to Human labour which is important for human development. A nation should invest in its productive labour by providing better healthcare facilities, education and training to them. Healthy and educated people can contribute more than unhealthy and illiterate people to development.  Empowerment refers to having the power of making choices. Freedom and capabilities can enhance the power and capacity to make choices. Government can enhance empowerment through good government and people-oriented policies.

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